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Transformation of Plane Coordinates Systemes

The document discusses transforming between local and national coordinate systems. It provides formulas and examples for determining transformation parameters like scale, rotation, and shift values from known corresponding points in each system. These parameters can then be used to transform other point coordinates between the two systems.

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LAURENT JIBUNGE
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16 views22 pages

Transformation of Plane Coordinates Systemes

The document discusses transforming between local and national coordinate systems. It provides formulas and examples for determining transformation parameters like scale, rotation, and shift values from known corresponding points in each system. These parameters can then be used to transform other point coordinates between the two systems.

Uploaded by

LAURENT JIBUNGE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transformation of Plane Coordinates

Systems (Similarity Transformation)


 The main task is to convert a local or subsidiary
coordinate system into a National or Principle
coordinate system
 P(x,y) P’(x,y)
Where
P(x,y) refers to the local coordinates system
P’(x,y) refers to the National coordinates system
Transformation of Plane Coordinates
Systems cont….
X’
x P(x, y)
Yp
x P’(X,Y)
yp θ
y
xp θ

b
Xp
θ O
a
Y’
O’

Two Coordinate systems


Transformation of Plane Coordinates
Systems cont….
From the figure, in order to transform the following
conditions must be fulfilled
i. Translation of the origin O to coincide with the origin O’
by moving distance a (in the North direction) and b (in the
Eastern direction)
ii. Relation of the xy axes through angle θ to make them

coincide with x’ y’ axes


iii. Applying a scale factor λ to the parameters in the xy

system to make it compatible with the x’y’ system


Transformation of Plane Coordinates
Systems cont….
If P is a common to the two system then
X’ p = a+ xp cosθ + yp sinθ
Y’p = b + yp cosθ - xp sinθ

Applying the scalling λ


X’p = a + λ(xp cosθ + yp sinθ)
Y’p = b + λ(yp cosθ - xp sinθ)
Plane Coordinates Systems
Generally:
X = a + xλcosθ + yλsinθ
Y = b + yλcosθ – xλsinθ
 X   a   cos  sin   x 
         
 Y   b    sin  cos   y 

Let p = λcosθ and q = λsinθ


Transformation of Plane Coordinates
Systems cont….
Therefore
X = a + xp+ yq
Y = b – xq + yp

 X  a  p q  x 
        
 Y  b  q p  y 
Or
X = A + λRx
Transformation Parameters
For local area, the transformation Parameters
can be obtained by having at least 2 points
whose coordinates are known in both system
Transformation Parameters cont….
X’
B
x x

θ
y
A
θ

Y’
1. Compute the distance of the line on both systems,
Determine the scale factor as   d '
where d ‘ = distance in national systemd
d = distance in local system
Transformation Parameters cont….
2. Compute the bearing of the line from
coordinate in both systems
Determine the rotation parameter as
θ = δ –δ’
Where
δ = bearing in local system (old)
δ’ = bearing in national system (new)
Note: The rotation is always clockwise from the old
into the new
Transformation Parameters cont….
3. Knowing the rotation and the scale apply them in
the formula
X = a + px + qy ………….. (i)
Y = b + py – qx ………….. (ii)

Using two known, solve the equation (i) and (ii) to


get a and b.
Where p = λcosθ
q = λsinθ
Transformation Parameters cont….
Alternatively:
Instead of solving for a and b a relationship between
two points involving the XY coordinates, the x y
coordinates, p and q can be found.
To determine the relationship let x1 and y1 be the
local coordinates of the point whose coordinates
are known in both system and x2 , y2 be local
coordinates of the points in the opposite direction
Transformation Parameters cont….

The two points can be expressed as


X1 = a + px1 + qy1 …………………….i
X2 = a + px2 + qy2 …………………….ii
Subtracting equation (i) and (ii)
(X2 –X1) = p(x2 – x1) + q(y2 – y1)
Or
X2 = X1 + p(x2 – x1) + q(y2 – y1)
Transformation Parameters cont….

Similarly:
Y1 = b – qx1 + py1 …………………….iii
Y2 = b – qx2 + py2 …………………….iv
Subtracting equation (i) and (ii)
(Y2 –Y1) = –q(x2 – x1) + p(y2 – y1)
Or
Y2 = Y1 – q(x2 – x1) + p(y2 – y1)
Transformation Parameters cont….

X2 = X1 + p∆x12+ q∆y12
Y2 = Y1 – q∆x12+ p∆y12

The formula can be generalized for any


number of points as
Xi+1 = Xi + p(xi+1 – xi) + q(yi+1 – yi)
Yi+1 = Yi – q(xi+1 – xi) + p(yi+1 – yi)
Transformation Parameters cont….
Or
X2 – X1 = p∆x12+ q∆y12
∆X12 = p∆x12+ q∆y12

Y2 – Y1 = – q∆x12+ p∆y12
∆Y12 = – q∆x12+ p∆y12
Coordinate Transformation Form
Co-ordinates
Transformation
Transf. Parameters
Locality
p λcosθ
q λsinθ
Scale λ X2 = X1 + p(x2 – x1) + q(y2 – y1)
Rotation-rad θ Y2 = Y1 – q(x2 – x1) + p(y2 – y1)

Local System UTM System


Station Northings(X) Eastings(Y)Station Northings(X) Eastings(Y)
Class Exercise: Transformation given
coordinates from local to national system
Local Main

A 380.380 371.450A -345.92 104.36

B 417.03 110.37B

C 579.93 89.24C

D 643.83 346.64D

E 648.96 286.58E

F 519.43 469.77F

G 474.22 238.73G
H 613.27 337.06H -112.94 69.90
Class Exercise: Transformation given
coordinates from local to national system
JOIN COMPUTATIONS (AND CHECK DISTANCES)

Old System
Station X Y o ' "
A 380.380 371.450 Brg 351 36 0
H 613.270 337.060 S(c) 235.415 MS
DX, DY 232.890 -34.390 S(m) Diff

Newl System
A -345.920 104.360 Brg 351 35 11
H -112.940 69.900 S(c) 235.515 MS
DX, DY 232.980 -34.460 S(m) Diff

scale 1.000422
Rotation 0 0 49
Class Exercise: Transformation given
coordinates from local to national system
Co-ordinates
Transformation
Transf. Parameters
Locality
p λcosθ 1.000422
q λsinθ 0.000238

Scale λ 1.000422 X2 = X1 + p(x2 – x1) + q(y2 – y1)

Rotation-rad θ 0 49 Y2 = Y1 – q(x2 – x1) + p(y2 – y1)

Local System NEW System


Station Northings(X) Eastings(Y)Station Northings(X) Eastings(Y)
A 380.38 371.45A -345.92 104.36
B 417.03 110.37B -309.32 -156.84
C 579.93 89.24C -146.35 -178.02
D 643.83 346.64D -82.36 79.48
E 648.96 286.58E -77.25 19.39
F 519.43 469.77F -206.79 202.69
G 474.22 238.73G -252.07 -28.44
H 613.27 337.06H -112.94 69.90
H -112.94 69.90check
Class Quiz: Transformation given
coordinates from local to national system
Local National

Station Northings Eastings Station Northings Eastings

P1 4272.88 3866.02P1 245337.16 -165421.08

P2 4443.05 3964.7P2

P3 4324.99 4168.28P3

P4 4207.38 4117.75P4

P5 4146.44 4159.9P5 245210.98 -165127.59


Class Quiz: Transformation given
coordinates from local to national system
JOIN COMPUTATIONS (AND CHECK DISTANCES)

Old System
o
' "
Station X Y

P1 4272.88 3866.02 Brg 113 16 46


P5 4146.44 4159.9 S(c) 319.926 MS

DX, DY -126.440 293.880 S(m) Diff

Newl System
P1 245337.16 -165421.08 Brg 113 15 51
P5 245210.98 -165127.59 S(c) 319.465 MS

DX, DY -126.180 293.490 S(m) Diff


Class Quiz: Transformation given
coordinates from local to national system
Co-ordinates
Transformation
Transf. Parameters
Locality
p λcosθ 0.998559
q λsinθ 0.000265

Scale λ 0.998559 X2 = X1 + p(x2 – x1) + q(y2 – y1)

Rotation 0 0 55 Y2 = Y1 – q(x2 – x1) + p(y2 – y1)

Local System NEW System

Station Northings(X) Eastings(Y)Station Northings(X) Eastings(Y)


P1 4272.88 3866.02P1 245337.16 -165421.08
P2 4443.05 3964.70P2 245507.11 -165322.59
P3 4324.99 4168.28P3 245389.28 -165119.27
P4 4207.38 4117.75P4 245271.82 -165169.70
P5 4146.44 4159.90P5 245210.98 -165127.59
P5 245210.98 -165127.59check

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