Synopsis

 Introduction To Trigonometry - Ummer Ahmed.

 What is trigonometry.
 Main uses of Trigonometry.
 Trigonometric ratios
 Trigonometric values.
 Origins Of Trigonometry.
 Making of a Clinometer – Philip Praveen.
 Applications Of trigonometry
 Astronomy – Ashely George.
 Navigation – Akshay Kumar.
 Oceanography- Janani Vinod.
 Architecture – Hannah Ann Wilson

 Conclusion- Evelyn Mary Shabu.

duction to trigonom
 What is trigonometry.

• Trigonometry from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trigonum) 'triangle', and μέτρον (métron)
'measure’ is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and
ratios of lengths. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC
from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. The Greeks focused on the
calculation of chords, while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of
values for trigonometric ratios (also called trigonometric functions) such as sine, cosine,
tangent. Etc.
• Throughout history, trigonometry has been applied in areas such as geodesy, surveying,
celestial mechanics, and navigation
 Main uses of Trigonometry.
• Trigonometry is used in various fields like geography to measure the
distance between landmarks, in astronomy to measure the distance of
nearby stars and in the satellite navigation system. It is also used in
developing computer music, chemistry, number theory, medical
imaging, electronics, electrical engineering, civil engineering,
architecture, mechanical engineering, oceanography, seismology,
phonetics, image compression and game development¹³.

• It is used to measure the height of a building or a mountain¹². It is

also used in navigating directions; it estimates in what direction to
place the compass to get a straight direction. With the help of a
compass and trigonometric functions in navigation, it will be easy to
pinpoint a location and also to find distance as well to see the
horizon¹.

• Trigonometry is also used in physics, engineering, architecture,

surveying, and many other fields that involve calculating distances
and angles³.
 Trigonometric ratios

• Trigonometric ratios are defined based on the sides of a right triangle.

• The trigonometric ratios are sine, cosine, tangent, cosec, sec and cot.
Ratios And Values
 Origins Of Trigonometry
• The initial concept of 'sine' as we know it today finds its earliest application in Aryabhata's work, the
Aryabhata, dating back to A.D. 500. Aryabhata initially referred to the half-chord as 'ardha-jya,' later
abbreviated to 'jya' or 'jiva.' When the Aryabhata was translated into Arabic, 'jiva' retained its form. Upon its
subsequent translation into Latin from Arabic, 'jiva' was rendered as 'sinus,' denoting a curve. This term
evolved into 'sine,' becoming a prevalent expression in mathematical texts across Europe. The condensed
notation 'sin' was first introduced by English astronomy professor Edmund Gutner (1581-1626).The origins
of 'cosine' and 'tangent' nomenclature emerged later. Cosine functions emerged from the necessity of
computing the sine of complementary angles, initially referred to as 'kotijya' by Aryabhata. The term
'cosinus' was coined by Edmund Gunter. In 1674, English mathematician Sir Jonas Moore adopted the
abbreviated form 'cos' for cosine notation.
• The term 'tangent' originates from the Latin word "tangens," which means "touching." In geometry, the
tangent line to a curve is a line that touches the curve at a specific point, sharing the same slope as the
curve at that point. The concept of tangents has been studied for centuries, dating back to ancient Greek
and Indian mathematicians.The Arabic mathematician Al-Biruni (973–1048) made significant
contributions to trigonometry, and he introduced the term "tanjent" in Arabic, which referred to a line
that touches a circle or curve. This term was then translated into Latin as "tangens," reflecting the same
geometric idea.The concept of tangents became an essential component of trigonometry, calculus, and
various fields of mathematics and science, allowing for the analysis of curves and their behavior at
specific points.
Making of a
Clinometer
By Philip Praveen
 Materials you'll need:

• Protractor
• String or fishing line
• Weight (such as a washer)
• Cardboard or stiff paper
• Tape or glue
• Ruler
• Pen/pencil
 Steps
• Prepare the Base: - Cut a piece of cardboard or stiff paper into a
rectangular shape. This will be the base of your clinometer.
• Attach the Protractor: - Use tape or glue to securely attach the
protractor along the longer edge of the cardboard base. Ensure
the center of the protractor aligns with the edge of the cardboard.
• Create the Pendulum: - Attach the weight (washer) to the end of
the string or fishing line. - Attach the other end of the string to
the top of the protractor, making sure the string is taut and
vertical.
• Calibrate the Clinometer: - Place the clinometer on
a level surface, ensuring that the string hangs
freely and the weight is at the center of the
protractor. - Make a small mark on the protractor
at the point where the string intersects it. This will
be your reference point for measuring angles.
• Measuring Angles: - When you tilt the clinometer
to measure an angle, the weight will move along
the protractor scale. - Read the angle where the
string crosses the protractor scale to determine the
inclination or slope angle.
•The Clinometer:
Applications Of
trigonometry
ASTRONOMY

By Ashely George
• Trigonometry was used in astronomy
since ancient time.
• Trigonometry is used to measure the
distance to nearby stars.
• In 240 B.C, a mathematician named
Eratosthenes discovered the radius if
the earth using trigonometry.
• In 2001, a group of European
astronomer did an experiment to find
the distance of venus from the sun
about 10,50,00,000 Km.
•Astronomers use the method of parallax,
or the movement of the star against the
background as we orbit the sun, to
discover new information about galaxies.
•Astronomy has been studied for
millennia by civilizations in all regions
the world.
• In our modern age, being able to apply
astronomy helps us to calculate distance
between stars and learn more about the
universe.
• Menelaus’ Theorem helps
astronomers gather information by
providing a backdrop in spherical
triangle calculation.

• Measuring distances to objects

within our galaxy is not always a
straightforward task- we cannot
simply stretch out a measuring tape
between two objects and read off
the distance. Instead, several
techniques have been developed
that enable us to measure distance
to star without needing to leave the
solar system.
• Astronomy has been studied for
millennia by civilization in all regions of
the world.
• The ancient Egyptians utilized
trigonometry thousands of years ago in
their planning and execution of building
the great pyramids.
• Astronomy was important for the
development of more advanced of
argriculture,
• Astronomy also helped
ancient people to
develop calendars and
other time-keeping
methods and devices

• The influence they

exert upon each other
either by their attraction
their radiation or in any
other way.
Trigonometry and
its applications in
navigation
By Akshay Kumar
Applications Of
Trigonometry In
Oceanography

By Janani Vino
 Introduction of
Oceanography :
•Oceanography also known as Oceanology is the
study of the physical and biological aspects of the
ocean. Oceanography covers a wide range of topics
including marine life and ecosystems, ocean
circulation, waves, plate tectonics and the geology
of the sea floor, and the chemical and physical
properties of the ocean. Oceanography is the
application of all science to the phenomena of the
ocean. The study of oceanography is
interdisciplinary. The ocean’s properties and
processes function together. The chemical
composition of water, for example, influences what
types of organisms live there. In turn, organisms
provide sediments to the geology of the seafloor.
Trigonometry In
Oceanography :
•Trigonometry is used in oceanography for calculating the
intensity and height of tides in oceans. Using trigonometry in
ratios, it is possible to determine the distance between yourself
and the object so, Oceanographers use trigonometry to measure
distance. If the oceanographer was tracking a sea creature and
they needed to know how far away they were from the creature,
they would use trigonometry to find out the distance from them
and the creature.
•A semidiurnal tide is a body of water, like the Atlantic Ocean,
that has two high tides and two low tides each and every day
because tides behave the same way in a given period. An
Oceanographer would use trigonometry to plot a graph showing
the size of the tide at each time of day - high and low tide.
 Navigation In
Oceanography :

•Although trigonometry is used in oceanography

for calculating the intensity and height of tides in
oceans, it is also used in navigation to find the
distance of the shore from a point in the sea; it
estimates in what direction to place the compass
to get a straight direction. With the help of a
compass and trigonometric functions in
navigation, it will help to pinpoint a location and
also to find distance as well to see the horizon.
Formulas :
•Oceanographers use various trigonometric
ratios such as sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant,
secant, cotangent to calculate wavelength and
height
•Formulas
•a(x) =5sinx
•b(x) = 4cos (2x + pi3)

•y = 5sin(x) + 4cos (2x + pi3)

 Calculates the Describes waves by Used as safety
•Trigonometric intensity and calculating wind
height of tides and direction
precaution

/
Oceanographic
Life : Trigonometric functions are very essential
to oceanographers and their study. without
the functions provided , their job would be
twice as hard!
USES OF
TRIGNOMETRY IN
ARCHITECTURE
By Hannah
Ann Wilson
• Trigonometry plays an important role in
architecture, especially when you are making
plans for you structure. Architects need to
calculate the exact and right angles and length of
a side of the intersection of the components to
ensure stability and safety. Some instances that
can be made by architects are domes, arches,
support beams and suspension bridges.
•Architects use trigonometry to calculate structural
load, roof slopes, ground surfaces and many other
aspects, including sun shading and light angles.
Architecture still one of the most important and
advanced sectors of our society. As an architects plan
the design of buildings trigonometry is used to ensure
its longevity or aesthetic purposes.
•For example, trigonometry is used in architecture to
find the height of a building with a given distance
from one point to the building, it’s like standing a
certain distance from the building. Architects know
the distance to the building and the angle which they
stand in relation to the top structure. Using tangle
calculations for sines and cosines, the height of the
building can be measured. Architect knows how
important trigonometry in building and planning
structures.
• One important detail that architect must
know is the triangulation, it is important
in making structures and resisting lateral
forces such as wind bracing. These things
tend to preoccupy the structural
engineers than the architects, but
awareness of the need for such aspects is
very important as they can affect the
design and the structure. Uses of
Trigonometry in Architecture Architects
design houses, buildings and other
structures.
•In addition to considering the way these
buildings look, they also have to make sure
they are safe, functional and economical. So
here is where trigonometry comes in.
Trigonometry has been used in architecture
as early as the Ancient Egypt. Like the
pyramid for example, they had to have used
the Pythagorean theorem, trigonometry and a
simple algebra to build an amazing structure.
Trigonometry is used to ensure that the
buildings is safely built. Architects use
trigonometry to calculate roof slopes, light
angles, ground surfaces, structural loads and
heights of structures.
Conclusi
on By Evelynn Mary
Shabu
Trigonometry can be used to find the height of object that are
too tall to measure by ruler and it can also be used to find the
angle of elevation.
The value is than applied in real life for significant use.

There are several formulas in trigonometry to find different values of

different sides and angles.
Trigonometry is very useful especially for architects to measure for
renovating a building.
There are three important functions: Sin , Cosine and Tangent.
Each function has an inverse.
Trigonometry may not have all that many
everyday applications, but it does help you to work
with triangles more readily.
It is used in cartography (creation of maps)

It's a useful supplement to geometry and actual measurements, and as

such well worth developing an understanding of the basics, even if
you never wish to progress further.
 Trigonometry developed from a
need to compute angles and
distances in such fields as
astronomy, surveying, and artillery
range finding. Etc.

 Trigonometry is a branch of
Mathematics with several important
and useful applications. Hence it
attracts more and more research with
several theories publishes year after
year
Thank You