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Cement

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20 views21 pages

Cement

Uploaded by

rakhiroshan475
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cement

CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History of Cement
• Composition of Cement
• Manufacturing of Cement
• Characteristics of Cement
• Types of Cement
• Tests of Cement
Introduction
• The word cement has invent from the Roman word ‘Opus
Caementicium’.
• Cement is the mixture of Calcaerous, Siliceous, Agrillaceous and other
substance.
• Cement is used as binding material in mortar and concrete etc.
History of Cement

• Cement was first discovered by an English version named


Joseph Aspdin in 1824.
• He called it Portland cement for the reason that the cement
he discovered resembled the limestone found in Portland.
• In India Portland cement was first manufactured in 1904
near Madras, by the South India industrial limited but this
venture failed.
Pictures related to history of cement
Composition of Cement
• Composition of cement for manufacturing consists mainly of lime, silica,
Alumina and iron oxide.
• Chemical composition of cement is:-
1. Lime - 62-67
2. Silica - 17-25%
3. Alumina – 3-8%
4. Calcium Sulphate – 3-4%
5. Iron Oxide – 3-4%
6. Magnesia – 1-3%
7. Alkalies – 0.2-1%
8. Sulphur – 1-3%
Manufacturing of Cement
• Mixing of raw materials
1. Dry Process
2. Wet Process
• Burning
• Grinding
• Storage
• Packaging
Characteristics of Cement

• Colours should be grey with greenish shade.


• It feels smooth when touched.
• Paste of cement feels sticky.
• It should free from hard lumps.
• When immersed in water, it sinks should not float.
Types of Cement
1. Ordinary Portland cement
2. Rapid hardening cement
3. Sulphate resisting cement
4. Quick setting cement
5. Low heat cement
6. Portland pozzolana cement
7. Portland slag cement
8. High Alumina cement
9. Air entraining cement
10. Coloured cement
1. Ordinary Portland Cement:-
• Ordinary Portland cement is the most
important types of cement.
• Approximately about 60% of the
cement used in the country is
ordinary Portland cement.
• The BIS has graded the OPC into
three grades:-
1. 33 Grade
2. 43 Grade
3. 53 Grade
2. Rapid Hardening Cement:-

• It is a special purpose cement used in


concrete to achieve a higher rate of early
strength development.
• The strength of rapid hardening cement at 3
days is equal to 7 days strength of OPC with
similar water cement ratio.
• This cement is useful for cold weather
concreting, rapid hardening work, pavment
construction.
3. Sulphate Resisting Cement:-

• It is a type of Portland Cement in


which The amount tricalcium
aluminate is restricted to lower than
5% and (2 C3A + C4AF) is lower
then 25%.
• It can used for a structural Concrete
whereover OPC or PPC Aur slag
cement is usable under normal
construction.
4. Quick Setting Cement:-

• This types of cement sets very


early.
• The initial setting time takes within
5 minutes and final setting takes
place within 30 minutes.
• It contains less gypsum.
5. Low Heat Cement:-
• It generally contain lower percentage
of tricalcium and tricalcium silicate
and higher percentage of Di-calcium
silicate.
• Main feature of this cement is low rate
of gain of strength but the ultimate
strength is same as that of ordinary
Portland cement.
6. Portland Pozzolona Cement:-

• The cement is obtained by


integrating the ordinary Portland
cement clinkers in definite
proportion 10 to 25% of pozzolanic
materials.
• It poses higher plasticity and
workability.
7. Portland Slag Cement:-

• It is a type of cement which is obtained


by integrating cement clinker which
granulated blast furnace, slag and
Gypsum in definite proportion.
• This cement offers high resistance against
the attack of sulphate, higher water
tightness, lower permeability, low heat of
hydration, and better refinement of pore
structure.
8. High Alumina Cement:-
• This type of cement are obtained by
fusing a mixture of Alumina and
calcareous material in suitable
proportion and grinding the result
product to a find Powder.
• It is used in underwater
construction.
9. Air Entraining Cement:-

• This cement is manufactured by


mixing a small amount of air
entraining agent with ordinary
Portland cement during the process
of grinding.
• It is used to get better workability
with low water cement ratio.
10. Coloured Cement:-

• It is made by grinding 5 to
10% of suitable pigments with
white or ordinary grey portland
cement.
• They are widely used for
decorative works floor.
Tests of Cement
1. Field test
2. Laboratory test
a. Fineness test
b. Consistency test
c. Setting time test
i) Initial Setting time
ii) Final Setting time
3. Soundness Test
4. Heat of Hydration
Thank you

@Rakhi_Roshan

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