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SDLC Model Intro - Prototyping Model

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25 views18 pages

SDLC Model Intro - Prototyping Model

Uploaded by

Nathan Drake
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SDLC Model

Systems Engineering
SDLC (Software development life cycle) is a
framework that describes the activities performed at
each step of a software development project.
Software Life Cycle Models
Software life cycle models describe various phases of the
software cycle and the order in which those phases are
executed.
There are tons of models, and many companies adopt their
own, but all have very similar patterns. Some of the models
are as follows:
Prototyping Model
Waterfall model / Linear Sequential / Classic Life Cycle Model
Iterative Model
V-Shaped Model
Spiral Model
Big Bang Model
Agile Model
DevOps Model
Prototyping Model
The Prototyping Model is a systems
development method (SDM) in which a prototype (an
early approximation of a final system or product) is
built, tested, and then reworked as necessary until an
acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the
complete system or product can now be developed.
This model works best in scenarios where not all of the
project requirements are known in detail ahead of time.
It is an iterative, trial-and-error process that takes place
between the developers and the users.
Prototyping
Diagram
Steps in Prototyping Model
Steps in Prototyping Model
1. Requirements gathering and analysis: A prototyping
model begins with requirements analysis and the
requirements of the system are defined in detail. The user is
interviewed in order to know the requirements of the system.

2. Quick design: When requirements are known, a


preliminary design or quick design for the system is created.
It is not a detailed design and includes only the important
aspects of the system, which gives an idea of the system to
the user. A quick design helps in developing the prototype.
Steps in Prototyping Model
3. Build prototype: Information gathered from quick
design is modified to form the first prototype, which
represents the working model of the required system.

4. User evaluation: Next, the proposed system is


presented to the user for thorough evaluation of the
prototype to recognize its strengths and weaknesses such
as what is to be added or removed. Comments and
suggestions are collected from the users and provided to
the developer.
Steps in Prototyping Model
5. Refining prototype: Once the user evaluates the prototype and if he
is not satisfied, the current prototype is refined according to the
requirements. That is, a new prototype is developed with the additional
information provided by the user. The new prototype is evaluated just
like the previous prototype. This process continues until all the
requirements specified by the user are met. Once the user is satisfied
with the developed prototype, a final system is developed on the basis
of the final prototype.

6. Engineer product: Once the requirements are completely met, the


user accepts the final prototype. The final system is evaluated
thoroughly followed by the routine maintenance on regular basis for
preventing large-scale failures and minimizing downtime.
Types of Software Prototyping
Model
 Throwaway/Rapid Prototyping
also called as rapid or close ended prototyping. This
type of prototyping uses very little efforts with
minimum requirement analysis to build a prototype.
Once the actual requirements are understood, the
prototype is discarded and the actual system is
developed with a much clear understanding of user
requirements.
 Evolutionary Prototyping
also called as breadboard prototyping is based on
building actual functional prototypes with minimal
functionality in the beginning. The prototype
developed forms the heart of the future prototypes on
top of which the entire system is built. By using
evolutionary prototyping, the well-understood
requirements are included in the prototype and the
requirements are added as and when they are
understood.
 Incremental Prototyping
refers to building multiple functional prototypes of
the various sub-systems and then integrating all the
available prototypes to form a complete system.
Incremental approach can be like “building blocks”,
new component is added or integrated based on
overall design.
 Extreme Prototyping
used in the web development domain. It consists of
three sequential phases. First, a basic prototype with
all the existing pages is presented in the HTML
format. Then the data processing is simulated using a
prototype services layer. Finally, the services are
implemented and integrated to the final prototype.
This process is called Extreme Prototyping used to
draw attention to the second phase of the process,
where a fully functional UI is developed with very
little regard to the actual services.
Advantages of Prototyping model:
 Improved and increased user involvement
 If there is missing functionality can be identified easily
 There will be less chance of software rejection.
 Requirement changes are allowed.
 Flexibility in design.
 Reduced time and costs
 The developed prototype can be re-used by developer and test
engineer.
Disadvantages of Prototyping
model:
 There are no parallel deliverables
 Insufficient analysis
 Developer attachment to prototype
 Expense of implementing prototyping
 Customer may get confused in the prototypes and
real systems.

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