SUGGESTED GUIDELINES

IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
• It is a summarized all the things
you’ve learned from your research.
• It is where you set up your topic
and approach for the reader.
 What is the purpose of an
introduction?
• To know what your topic is,
why it is important, and how
you plan to proceed with
your discussion.
• What are the guidelines in
writing an introduction?
 GUIDELINES IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION

• 1. Identify your
readership.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION

2. Identify your
topic.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION

3. Provide relevant
background.
 GUIDELINES IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION

• 4.Give the reader a general

knowledge of what the paper
is about.
 GUIDELINES IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION
• Make sure to include the following points:
• 1. Briefly describe the motivation for the research.
• 2. Describe the topic and scope of your research.
• 3. Explain the practical relevance of your research.
• 4.Pay attention for your objectives and questions.
 GUIDELINES IN WRITING
INTRODUCTION

• 5. Consider the length of

introduction.
 What to Avoid?

Overloading with Including too broad or

related literature generalized Inaccurate details Irrelevant Facts
and studies information

Copy and Pasting

Poor Organization of
contents from Vague Objectives Lack of legal bases
Contents
similar researches

Improper Citations
How to write the Background of
the Study of your proposed
research or thesis?
Background of the Study
This part of research includes information
which would focus attention on the
importance and validity of the problem. It is
the general orientation to the problem area.
A brief rationale to justify the problem must
be provided. This is the present state of
knowledge regarding the problem.
 What is the study all about?
 What are the objectives?
 What is the locale of the study?
 What are the problematic situations in the study
locale and why do we need to conduct this study?
 Who are the respondents of the study?
 When the study conducted?
 Discussion of the problem in general and the specific
situations as observed and experience by the researcher
(macro to micro approach) Introduce the topic to the
readers through a general statement
 Concepts and ideas related to the problem including
clarification of important terminologies
 Discussion of the existing or present conditions and what is
aimed to be in the future or the gap to be filled-in by the
research.
 Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is a written or visual representation of an
expected relationship between variables. Variables are simply the
characteristics or properties that you want to study and illustrates what you
expect to find through your research
- It illustrates what the researcher expects to find in the research
- It guides the researcher by giving clear directions to the research.
In research, variables are any characteristics that can take on different values, such
as height, age, temperature, or test scores.

Researchers often manipulate or measure independent and dependent variables in

studies to test cause-and-effect relationships.

• The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other

variables in your study.

• The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the
independent variable.
 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The statement of the problem in a thesis is the heart of ones work.
It spells out for the reader the problem the research sets out to
solve, and how this problem is addressed (or not addressed) in the
existing literature on the subject. This is the section that offers the
reader the “why” of a research, and a good problem statement can
convince the reader of the work’s importance.
 THE BEST THESIS STATEMENTS ARE:

Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than
necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.

Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already
knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back
it up.

Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained
in the rest of your paper.
 SUGGESTED TIPS IN WRITING THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Step 1: Start with a question
You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis, early in the writing
process. As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic, you need to work out what you want to say
about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own.
What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

Has the internet had a positive or negative impact on education?

Step 2: Write your initial answer
After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At
this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing
process.

The internet has had more of a positive than a negative effect on education.

Step 3: Develop your answer

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your
reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your
answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and
sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.
Step 4: Refine your thesis statement

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

Why you hold this position

What they’ll learn from your essay
The key points of your argument or narrative
The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or
the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to
consider the broader context of your topic.

Example: Improved thesis statement on internet use

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: it facilitates easier
access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for
both students and teachers.
 Statement of the Problem
This is one of the most important
parts of a research work. This is the
focus of the study and all questions
should be categorically states and
answered.
 Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is a written or visual representation of an
expected relationship between variables. Variables are simply the
characteristics or properties that you want to study and illustrates what you
expect to find through your research
- It illustrates what the researcher expects to find in the research
- It guides the researcher by giving clear directions to the research.
In research, variables are any characteristics that can take on different values, such
as height, age, temperature, or test scores.

Researchers often manipulate or measure independent and dependent variables in

studies to test cause-and-effect relationships.

• The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other

variables in your study.

• The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the
independent variable.
A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question. A testable
hypothesis is a hypothesis that can be proved or disproved as a result
of testing, data collection, or experience. Only testable hypotheses
can be used to conceive and perform an experiment using
the scientific method.
Scope and Delimitation
Scope Delimitation

The scope of a study explains the

extent to which the research area
will be explored in the work and
specifies the parameters within the
study will be operating.
 Typically, the information that you need
to include in the scope would cover the
following:
. study
❑ General purpose of the
❑ The population or sample that you are
studying
❑ The duration of the study
❑ The topics or theories that you will discuss
❑ The geographical location covered in the study
Significance of the Study

Significance of the Study

Presents the importance of your
research. It Gives you an
opportunity to prove the study’s
impact on your field of research,
the new knowledge it contributes,
and the people who will benefit
from it.
Significance of the Study

Significance of the Study

It comes after the

research’s rationale,
problem statement and
the hypothesis
Definition of terms in
research
 Definition of terms

❑ The purpose of a definition is to

explain the meaning of a term
which may be obscure or
difficult, by the use term that
are commonly understood and
whose meaning is clear.