INTERNET BASICS

LECTURER: GODBLESS SWAI

INTERNET INTRODUCTION
A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are
connected to each other to share information and resources.
INTERNET INTRODUCTION

Following is the list of hardware's required to set up a computer

network.

• Network Cables
• Distributors
• Routers
• Internal Network Cards
• External Network Cards
INTERNET INTRODUCTION

Type of Networks

LAN- Local Area Network

MAN- Metropolitan Area Network.

WAN- Wide Area Network

INTERNET INTRODUCTION

 Local Area Network is a wired network spread over a single site like
an office, building or manufacturing unit.

LAN is set up to when team members need to share software and

hardware resources with each other but not with the outside world.

A LAN that is completely wireless is called Wireless LAN or WLAN.

INTERNET INTRODUCTION

 Metropolitan Area Network is a network spread over a city, college

campus or a small region.

MAN is larger than a LAN and typically spread over several

kilometers.

Objective of MAN is to share hardware and software resources,

thereby decreasing infrastructure costs.

MAN can be built by connecting several LANs.

INTERNET INTRODUCTION

 Wide Area Network is spread over a country or many countries.

WAN is typically a network of many LANs, MANs and WANs.

Network is set up using wired or wireless connections, depending on

availability and reliability.
INTERNET INTRODUCTION
Internet is a network of networks that connects millions of Computers to
form a network and communicating with each other for sharing resources.

You can get information, access data, communicate with others, shop, play
games and many more by connecting your Computer through Internet.

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networked computers which are

able to exchange information with one another very quickly.
 Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
 Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which
identifies a computer location.
 Internet is accessible to every user all over the world
The Internet is most often used for three main purposes:
 1. Communication
 2. Buying and selling (e-commerce)
 3. Searching for information
 The Internet was originally developed by university researchers and
was funded by the United States Defense Department.
 The Defense Department wanted its computer network to be able
to communicate effectively.
 The concept of Internet was originated in 1969
ADVANTAGES
• Internet allows us to communicate with the people sitting at remote
locations. By using apps like Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, Google+ etc.

• One can surf for any kind of information over the internet.
Information regarding various topics such as Technology, Health &
Science, Social Studies, Geographical Information, Information
Technology, Products etc, can be surfed with help of a search engine.
• Internet also serves a medium for entertainment. Example online
television, games, songs, videos, and social networking apps.
• Internet provides concept of electronic commerce, that allows the
business deals to be conducted on electronic systems. Example
internet banking, online shopping, online ticket booking, online bill
payment.
• It serves as a medium for data sharing.
DISADVANTAGES
• There are always chances to loose personal information such as
name, address, credit card number. Therefore, one should be very
careful while sharing such information.
• Another disadvantage is the Spamming. Spamming corresponds to
the unwanted e-mails in bulk.
• Virus can easily be spread to the computers connected to internet.
Such virus attacks may cause your system to crash or your important
data may get deleted.
INTRANET
Intranet is defined as private network of computers within an
organization with its own server and firewall. Moreover we can define
Intranet as:
 PCs in intranet are not available to the world outside of the intranet.
 Usually each company or organization has their own Intranet network
and members/employees of that company can access the computers
in their intranet.
Internet vs. Intranet
Apart from similarities there are some differences between the two.
Following are the differences between Internet and Intranet:

Intranet Internet
Localized Network. Worldwide Network
Doesn't have access to Intranet Have access to Internet.
More Expensive Less Expensive
More Safe Less Safe
More Reliability Less Reliability
EXTRANET
• Extranet refers to network within an
organization, using internet to
connect to the outsiders in controlled
manner. It helps to connect
businesses with their customers and
suppliers and therefore allows
working in a collaborative manner.
Extranet vs. Intranet

The following table shows differences between Extranet and

Intranet:
Extranet Intranet
Internal network that can be Internal network that can not be
accessed externally. accessed externally.
Extranet is extension of company's Only limited users of a company.
Intranet.
For limited external communication Only for communication within a
between customers, suppliers and company.
business partners.
WORLD WIDE WEB
World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or
web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through
the internet. These websites contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos,
etc.

Users can access the content of these sites from any part of the world over the
internet using their devices such as computers, laptops, cell phones, etc. The
WWW, along with internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and media
to your device.
WWW VS INTERNET

Many people think the World Wide Web is the same thing as the
Internet. It isn’t.

Internet is a large connection of networks (hardware), the World

Wide Web is a way to access the information on the Internet. It’s like
the software you need to run programs on the hardware of your
computer. So, the Internet is broader than the World Wide Web.
 Internet is a worldwide network of
devices like computers, laptops,
tablets, etc. It enables users to
send emails to other users and chat
with them online. For example,
when you send an email or chatting
with someone online, you are using
the internet.
Connecting to the Internet
Before you can start using the Internet, you need to have a way to
connect to it. This requires you to have the necessary hardware to
make a connection on your end, as well as an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) which provides the Internet service to which your
computer will connect. Then, you’ll need a web browser to begin
exploring the World Wide Web.
Internet Service Providers
• Internet Service Providers are companies that connect you to the Internet –
for a fee, of course. ISPs are available on a local, state, and national level.
Large communication companies control access to the main lines of the
Internet structure.

• They, in turn, supply Internet access to the smaller ISPs, who pass this along
to the consumer. Not all ISPs offer all methods of connection to the Internet.
Make sure the ISP you select offers service that corresponds to your
connection method and hardware.
Web Browser
• Web Browser: You’ll need to have a web browser installed on your
computer. is an application software that allows us to view and
explore information on the web. User can request for any web page
by just entering a URL into address bar.

• Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more. It is
the responsibility of a web browser to interpret text and commands
contained in the web page.
Web Browser:

In summary, you need three basic things to connect to the

Internet:

1. A connection method
2. An Internet Service Provider (ISP)
3. A web browser
HOW INTERNET WORK?
• Before understanding this let us understand some basics related to
internet:

• The internet works with the help of clients and servers. A device such as
a laptop, which is connected to the internet is called a client, not a
server as it is not directly connected to the internet. However, it is
indirectly connected to the internet through an Internet Service Provider
(ISP) and is identified by an IP address, which is a string of numbers.
• Just like you have an address for your home that uniquely identifies
your home, an IP address acts as the shipping address of your
device. The IP address is provided by your ISP, and you can see what
IP address your ISP has given to your system.

• To access the internet we need a domain name, which represents an

IP address number, i.e., each IP address has been assigned a domain
name. For example, youtube.com, facebook.com, paypal.com are
used to represent the IP addresses.
• Domain names are created as it is difficult for a person to remember
a long string of numbers. However, internet does not understand
the domain name, it understands the IP address, so when you enter
the domain name in the browser search bar, the internet has to get
the IP addresses of this domain name from a huge phone book,
which is known as DNS (Domain Name Server).
• For example, if you have a person's name, you can find his phone
number in a phone book by searching his name. The internet uses
the DNS server in the same way.
• Now after understanding the basics, let us see how internet
works?
• When you turn on your computer and type a domain name in the
browser search bar, your browser sends a request to the DNS server
to get the corresponding IP address. After getting the IP address, the
browser forwards the request to the respective server.

• Once the server gets the request to provide information about a

particular website, the data starts flowing. The data is transferred
through the optical fiber cables in digital format or in the form of
light pulses.
• As the servers are placed at distant places, the data may have to
travel thousands of miles through optical fiber cable to reach your
computer.

• The optical fiber is connected to a router, which converts the light

signals into electrical signals. These electrical signals are transmitted
to your laptop using an Ethernet cable. Thus, you receive the desired
information through the internet, which is actually a cable that
connects you with the server.
• Furthermore, if you are using wireless internet using WIFI or mobile
data, the signals from the optical cable are first sent to a cell tower
and from where it reaches to your cell phone in the form of
electromagnetic waves.