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Functions

The document discusses different types of functions including one-to-one, onto, and bijective functions. It provides examples of each type by defining functions between sets and analyzing their properties. Domain, codomain, and range are also defined in the context of a sample relation.

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Saad Malik
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33 views11 pages

Functions

The document discusses different types of functions including one-to-one, onto, and bijective functions. It provides examples of each type by defining functions between sets and analyzing their properties. Domain, codomain, and range are also defined in the context of a sample relation.

Uploaded by

Saad Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions

What is a function?
𝐴= { 𝑎𝑙𝑖 , 𝑎h𝑚𝑎𝑑 , 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎 ,𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑟 } 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵={𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 : 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 30 }

20

25

30

22

𝑅= { ( 𝑎𝑙𝑖, 25 ) , ( 𝑎h𝑚𝑎𝑑 , 20 ) , ( 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎 ,30 ) , ( 𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑟 , 22 ) } ⊆ 𝐴× 𝐵


Domain and Codomain
• Lets take the relation as example we discussed in previous slides
𝑅= { ( 𝑎𝑙𝑖, 25 ) , ( 𝑎h𝑚𝑎𝑑 , 20 ) , ( 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎 ,30 ) , ( 𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑟 , 22 ) } ⊆ 𝐴× 𝐵

• Domain (R)= {ali , ahmad, usama, noor}


• Range (R)={25,20,30,22}
• Codomain = {}
One-to-One Function
• Some functions never assign the same value to two different domain elements. These functions
are said to be one-to-one. A function is said to be injective if it is one-to-one.

Determine whether the function f from {a, b, c, d} to {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} with f (a) = 4, f (b) = 5, f (c) = 1, and f (d)
= 3 is one-to-one.

Determine whether the function from the set of integers to the set of integers is one-to-one.

Determine whether the function f (x) = x + 1 from the set of real numbers to itself is one-to-one.
Onto Function
• A function f from A to B is called onto, or a surjection, if and only if for every element b ∈ B there
is an element a ∈ A with f (a) = b. A function f is called surjective if it is onto.
Bijective Function

Let f be the function from {a, b, c, d} to {1, 2, 3, 4} with f (a) = 4, f (b) = 2, f (c) = 1, and f (d) = 3. Is f a
bijection?
ASCII Table as function
Array as Function

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