Republic of the Philippines

North Eastern Mindanao State University

Formerly Surigao del Sur State University Bislig
Campus
Maharlika, Bislig City, Surigao del Sur 8311
www.nemsu.edu.ph

Electronics Lab

Bachelor of Science in Electrical

Engineering - 2A

WIRELESS LIGHT INTENSITY CONTROLLER

May 06, 2024

Submitted by:

Amburan, King Jeven Dalupire,

Jhonryl Villagonza, Kyle

Morala, Jade Petin, Reymark

Submitted to:

Engr. Susie Marie Kindle G. Urdaneta

 I. Introduction

During this age, the convenience of various devices has brought us ease and comfortability
on our daily life. These devices are created after countless inventions of our manual
operating appliances, through constant innovations we can further modify and improve
these ideas.
One particular invention that helped us avoid certain accidents involving fire hazards which
typically happen during night time is a light bulb. This invention replaced various tools such
as oil lamps and candles. This light bulb can be turned on and off manually through a switch.
This invention alone gave us an improved, safe, and reliable source of light.
What if we want to control this particular light bulb without having to physically touch the
switch and instead use our own smartphones for further convenience. In this prototype we
can control even its intensity through the help of our own smartphone. Just imagine, instead
of going downstairs or through the kitchen you can just comfortably sleep in your bed and
turn it off through your phone.

II. Review of Related Literature

According to the studies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, power
generation sources like hydro, wind, and tidal which are various alternatives for our fossil
fuels tend to have low efficiency and their effective cost per unit also increases (G. V. N.
Kumar, A. Bhavya, J. Balaji, S. Dhanunjay, P. Vikasitha and V. Rafi, "Smart Home Light
Intensity Control using Potentiometer method for Energy Conservation," 2021
International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication
& Technology (RTEICT), Bangalore, India, 2021 from
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9573521).
To counter such issue, we must also reduce the power consumption to meet the
increasing demand. Nowadays oil lamps and candles have been replaced by light bulb,
and since light bulb's main source of power is electricity, it's also affected by the
previously stated issue. However, by controlling the light intensity to our desired
brightness we can technically reduce the power consumption.

Wireless lighting controls have the basic functionality as hardwired advanced control
systems, providing benefits such as energy cost savings and flexibility. Otherwise, the
elimination of hardwiring control devices provides distinct benefits.
The first is flexibility. Wireless control devices can be placed where they're needed
without limitation imposed by wiring, including areas that are difficult to wire. More
flexibility is provided in unique applications. Electrical planning may be shortened. After
installation, devices can be moved and the system expanded with relative ease.
Wireless control eliminates the need for dedicated control wiring and associated switch
legs, traveler wires, conduit in many cases, and other raw materials, speeding and
simplifying installation. With no damage to walls or ceilings, and little to no disruption to
business operations, wireless control lends itself well to installing even sophisticated control
systems in existing buildings and applications like streetlighting.
Wireless lighting control systems can be easily scaled as space needs change.
The advantages of wireless control make these solutions particularly suitable for
applications where the cost of running control wires is too costly or simply not possible,
such as outdoor lighting, parking garages, warehouses and retrofits. (Steve Mesh, LC and
Craig DiLouie, LC, CLCP, 2018).
Wireless control function provides various improvements to our daily life, by applying this
idea we can further improve our issues which typically exist on its previous wired version.

III. Methodology
1. Gathering information about how the device should operate and how should we
create it so that it can function properly

2. Organizing the electrical components in the system, this will help us easily identify the
required components that we must use in order to operate the device.

3. Placing the components carefully to the bread board, and aligning them according to
their specific function.

4. Testing the prototype multiple times to make sure the entire system of components
functions properly without error.

Components required
No. Component Name Quanti
1 Arduino Nano Board 1
2 Optocoupler IC EL817/PC817 1
3 Optoisolator MOC3020 1
4 TRIAC BTA16 1
5 Diode 1N4007 4
6 Bluetooth Module HC-05 1
7 Resistors 47K 2
8 Resistor 1K 1
9 Resistor 100-ohm 1
10 Bulb 100W 1
Circuit Diagram

Arduino Source Code

int mydelay = 0;
int myvalue=0;
int last_CH1_state = 0;

void setup() {
/*
* Port registers allow for lower-level and faster manipulation of the i/o pins of the
microcontroller on an Arduino board.
* The chips used on the Arduino board (the ATmega8 and ATmega168) have three ports:
-B (digital pin 8 to 13)
-C (analog input pins)
-D (digital pins 0 to 7)
//All Arduino (Atmega) digital pins are inputs when you begin...
*/
PCICR |= (1 << PCIE0); //enable PCMSK0 scan
PCMSK0 |= (1 << PCINT0); //Set pin D8 trigger an interrupt on state change. Input
from optocoupler
pinMode(3,OUTPUT); //Define D3 as output for the DIAC pulse Serial.begin(9600);
//Start serial com with the BT module (RX and TX pins)
}

void loop() {
//Read the value of the pot and map it from 10 to 10.000 us. AC frequency is 50Hz, so
period is 20ms. We want to control the power //of each half period, so the maximum is
10ms or 10.000us. In my case I've maped it up to 7.200us since 10.000 was too much
if(Serial.available()>0)
{
myvalue = map(Serial.read(),0,255,10000,10);
//In my case I've used myvalue = map(Serial.read(),0,255,7000,10); for better results
}
if (mydelay)
{
 delayMicroseconds(myvalue); //This delay controls the power
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(100);
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
mydelay=0;
}
}

//This is the interruption routine

//.........................................

ISR(PCINT0_vect)
{
/////////////////////////////////// //Input from optocoupler //We make an AND
// if(PINB & B00000001){ verify if with the pin state register, We
pin 8 is HIGH???
if(last_CH1_state == //If the last state was 0, then we have a state
0){ change...
mydelay=1; //We have detected a state change!
}
}
else if(last_CH1_state == //If pin 8 is LOW and the last state was HIGH then
1){ we have a state change
//We haev detected a state change!
mydelay=1;
last_CH1_state = 0; next //Store the current state into the last state for the
loop }

IV. Discussion
Wireless Light Intensity controller is a prototype made for further convenience of the user
experience. This device doesn't only provide a safe and reliable source of light but it also
lessen the manual operation of the light bulb.
This prototype mainly uses incandescent bulb as its light source, this light bulb is connected
along with it's components which helps control its intensity. The prototype itself is
composed of a Bluetooth based Arduino which means that this wireless device mainly
supports wireless control through Bluetooth. The coding for this Arduino mainly supports
incandescent light bulb however it can also support a dimmable LED light although with
some technical issues regarding its coding compatibility which we will further discuss on its
recommendation.
To sum it up, the main purpose of this prototype is to find a way on how we can improve
our day to day convenience while also helping reduce power consumption by simply
controlling the light intensity itself.
V. Recommendation
Flexibility and compatibility of the device's coding shouldn't be only limited to one particular
light bulb. Regarding this issue, there's currently a certain limitation in terms of the coding
compatibility. Having a flexible and coding for Arduino would be a huge upgrade to the
device itself.
Internet option for more autonomous capabilities, nowadays internet have become a huge
part of our technology. Having an internet to directly fix or troubleshoot the device would
be a great asset to its system. This improvement also include a wifi based system instead of
Bluetooth.
Voice activated commands for the light bulb, having this option to the wireless light
intensity controller would further improve its convenience.
VI. Documentation