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13 views24 pages

Presentation 1

Presentation1 (1)

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Professional ethics

Definition
 Professional ethics is about your obligation to
the public. As a professional, whether a
doctor, lawyer, engineer or accountant, you
will have been tested and accepted by your
profession and, therefore, you are required to
accept and support your professions public
interest obligations.
Or
 Professional ethics is the personal and

corporate standards of behaviour expected of


the members of a particular profession.
Contents:
 Why ethics?
 What is ethics?
 What is the difference between ethics and
morals?
 What is a Code of Ethics?
 Symmetrical ethics, and assymetrical ethics
Why ethics for Professionals
 A basis for values and visions
 To motivate employees
 Perhaps demanded by customers
 For good relationships to stakeholders
 An overall check on plans
 To avoid various exposures and risks
 Part of governance
 Sustainability
 Greed is good. Embrace it. Love it. Live it. In
fact, greed may be the one thing that can
save us. Don’t believe me? Greed was the
foundation for this country. The brave souls
who risked their life to settle in a new country
did so out of self interest. Our forefathers
recognized the importance of self interest in
the Declaration of Independence where they
emphasized our unalienable right to pursue
happiness.
 Robert Pagliarini blog, Moneywatch 2010
Relevance of ethics to Professionals
 Do good work (Aristotle)
 Plan holistically (systems theory)
 Consider end use (Aristotle)
 Evaluate both ends and means (Kant)
 Be stakeholder oriented (ISO 26000)
 Take care of the environment (ISO 26000)
 Contribute to knowledge
Moral philosophy:
 Determining rights and wrongs, selecting
actions to achieve good results, evaluating
motives. (attempting to summarise several
definitions) The achievement of wisdom,
choosing actions that are benefical and
acceptable long term; or sustainable. This
implies a society focus.
Definition Morals:
Beliefs and behaviour of group.
The group can be:
 Nation, or geographical area
 Group of nations
 Religious or life view groups, and subgroups
 Profession or similar
 Other organisation, e.g. sports, clan, NGO...

In an international organisation there can be


many morals.
Professional code of ethics:
 Many professions that are trusted by the
public to apply expert knowledge (doctors,
engineers, surveyors, accountants and the
like) have a Code of ethics which sets out
their expectations of a member’s behaviour
and the boundaries within which members
have to operate. A Code of ethics helps to
clarify the profession’s values provides a
reference point for decision making and can
be used as a framework for discipline.
Most Codes of ethics are principles based,
providing guidance as to the principles on
which professional judgment and decisions
should be based, rather than a rigid system of
rules.
integrity,
 objectivity,
 professional competence and due care,
 Confidentiality
 professional behaviour
Forms of professional ethics:
1. Metaethics (what is good? etc)
2. Normative ethics (what should we do?)
3. Applied ethics (how do we apply ethics to
work and lives?)
4. Moral psychology (the biological and
psychological bases)
5. Descriptive ethics (what morals people
follow)
1. Metaethics:
 Metaethics is a branch of analytic philosophy
that explores the status, foundations, and
scope of moral values, properties, and words.
Whereas the fields of applied ethics and
normative theory focus on what is moral,
metaethics focuses on what morality itself is.
2. Normative ethics:
 It is the study of ethical action. It is the
branch of philosophical ethics that
investigates the set of questions that arise
when considering how one ought to act,
morally speaking.
3. Applied ethics:
 Applied ethics is the philosophical
examination, from a moral standpoint, of
particular issues in private and public life
which are matters of moral judgment. It is
thus the attempts to use philosophical
methods to identify the morally correct
course of action in various fields of everyday
life
4. Moral psychology:
Moral psychology is a field of study in both
philosophy and psychology. Some use the term
"moral psychology" relatively narrowly to refer
to the study of moral development. However,
others tend to use the term more broadly to
include any topics at the intersection of ethics,
psychology, and philosophy of mind.
5. Descriptive ethics:
Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative
ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about
morality.
Symmetrical ethics
 – the golden rule
• Do to others what you want them to do to

you.
• If you demand from others, demand the same

from yourself (perhaps more if you are a


leader)
• * See yourself as the other (good even for

design!)
* Empathy
Asymmetrical ethics:
 * When one party has more resources,
knowledge, power
 * Often in professions (engineering, nursing,

law...)
 * Need to be careful (professional!)
 * Need to be considerate
Principle based ethics:
Based on principles like (from websites):
 We want to deliver first class design
 We want to be best in our discipline
 We will contribute to society
 We consider ecological impact
 We contribute to environmentalism
Compliance ethics:
 Within existing laws, standards, guidelines,
morals
 May need a «compliance officer» in large

organisations –
 e.g. what does it mean to «follow standard»?
 Ensures that organisation «does no wrongs»,

but difficult
Ethics applies to:

• Professional duties
• Employee care
• Customer care, and supplier responsibilities
• Environment care
• Ownership (price, value, opportunities..)
• Financing
• Exploration * - the list is being extended
Conclusion :
 Professional Ethics important, and varied
Includes social responsibility, and governance
Needs terminology, and philosophy Very
relevant to society.

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