Web Applications

Development
ITT 07404
 Instructor: Joseph Pengo
phone: 0756 429847
email: josey.pengo@gmail.com
 Course Outline
• Introduction to Web Applications
• Interactive Web Page Design
• Web Server
• Web Application Databases
• Web Application Databases Security
• Internet Governance
• Internet Regulators
• Internet in Virtual Environment
Assessment
• Timed Test
• 20% marks
• Individual and Group Assignment & Presentations
• 20% marks
• Final Exams
• 60% marks
 Class Expectations
Attendance
• Students will approach the course as a professional
environment
• Attend every class
• No attendance is recorded but indispensable for succeeding
• Behave appropriately
• No sleeping, no chatting, no unnecessary cell phones usage
Academic Integrity
• As with other aspects of professionalism in this course, you
are expected to abide by the proper standards of
professional ethics and personal conduct
 Introduction
• A computer network is a system in which multiple
computers are connected to each other to share information
and resources
 Advantages of Computer Networking
 The benefits of networking can be divided into two generic
categories:
 connectivity
 sharing
 Networks allow computers, and hence their users, to be
connected together
 They also allow for the easy sharing of information and
resources, and cooperation between the devices in other
ways
 Classification of Computer Networks -
Geographical Span
Geographically a network can be seen in one of the following
categories:
 It may be spanned across your tables and ranging up to few
meters (PAN)
 It may be spanned across a whole building, including
intermediate devices to connect all floors (LAN)
 It may be spanned across a whole city (MAN)
 It may be spanned across multiple cities or provinces (WAN)
 It may be one network covering whole world (Internetwork)
 Internet (Internetwork)
• Internet refers to network of networks
• It is an Information super Highway, to access information
over the web
• Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected
computer networks
• Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP
address
 Internet
• IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as
110.22.33.114) which identifies a computer location
• A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to
give name to the IP Address so that user can locate a
computer by a name
• For example, a DNS server will resolve a name to a particular
IP address to uniquely identify the computer on which this
website is hosted
• Internet is accessible to every user all over the world
 Advantages of Internet
• Internet covers almost every aspect of life, one can think of
 Advantages of Internet
• Internet allows us to communicate with the people sitting at
remote locations. There are various apps available on the
web that uses Internet as a medium for communication
• One can surf for any kind of information over the internet.
Information regarding various topics can be surfed with help
of a search engine
• Internet also serves a medium for entertainment
• Internet provides concept of electronic commerce, that
allows the business deals to be conducted on electronic
systems
Disadvantages of Internet
 Disadvantages of Internet
• There are always chances to loose personal information such
as name, address, credit card number
• One should be very careful while sharing such information
• Use credit cards only through authenticated sites.
• Spamming corresponds to the unwanted e-mails in bulk.
These e-mails serve no purpose and lead to obstruction of
entire system
 Disadvantages of Internet
• Virus can easily be spread to the computers connected to
internet. Such virus attacks may cause your system to crash
or your important data may get deleted.
• A biggest threat on internet is pornography. There are many
pornographic sites that can be found without control
• There are various websites that do not provide the
authenticated information. This leads to misconception
among many people.
Internet Services
 Internet Services
Communication Services
• There are various Communication Services available that offer
exchange of information with individuals or groups
1) Electronic Mail
2) Telnet: Used to log on to a remote computer that is attached to
internet
3) Internet Relay Chat (IRC): Allows the people to communicate in
real time
4) Mailing Lists: Used to organize group of internet users to share
common information through e-mail
5) Internet Telephony (VoIP)
6) Instant Messaging
 Internet Services
Information Retrieval Services
• There exist several Information retrieval services offering
easy access to information present on the internet
1) File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Enable the users to transfer files
2) Archie: It’s updated database of public FTP sites and their
content, and helps to search a file by its name
3) Gopher: Used to search, retrieve, and display documents on
remote sites
 Internet Services
Web Services
• Web services allow exchange of information between
applications on the web
• Using web services, applications can easily interact with each
other
 Internet Services
World Wide Web (WWW)
• WWW is also known as W3
• It offers a way to access documents spread over the several
servers over the internet
• These documents may contain texts, graphics, audio, video,
hyperlinks
• The hyperlinks allow the users to navigate between the
documents
World Wide Web
 Introduction
• WWW stands for World Wide Web
• A technical definition of the World Wide Web is : all the
resources and users on the Internet that are using the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• WWW is the universe of network-accessible information, an
embodiment of human knowledge.
• WWW is a way of exchanging information between
computers on the Internet, tying them together into a vast
collection of interactive multimedia resources
Evolution of World Wide Web
 WWW Operation
• WWW works on client- server approach

• Internet and Web is not the same thing: Web uses internet to
 WWW Operation
1) User enters the URL of the web page in the address bar of web
browser
2) Then browser requests the Domain Name Server for the IP
address corresponding to
3) After receiving IP address, browser sends the request for web
page to the web server using HTTP protocol which specifies the
way the browser and web server communicates
4) Then web server receives request using HTTP protocol and
checks its search for the requested web page. If found it returns
it back to the web browser and close the HTTP connection
5) Now the web browser receives the web page, It interprets it
and display the contents of web page in web browser’s window
 Web Pages
• Web page is a document available on world wide web
• Web Pages are stored on web server and can be viewed
using a web browser
• A web page can contain different elements including text,
graphics, audio, video and hyper links
• These hyper links are the link to other web pages
• Collection of linked web pages on a web server is known as
website
 Types of Web Pages
• Static web pages are also known as flat or stationary web
page
• They are loaded on the client’s browser as exactly they are
stored on the web server
• Such web pages contain only static information
• User can only read the information but can’t do any
modification or interact with the information
• Static web pages are created using only HTML
• Static web pages are only used when the information is no
more required to be modified
 Types of Web Pages
• Dynamic web page shows different information at different
point of time
• Dynamic web pages produce different content for different
visitors from the same source code file
• The website can display different content based on
parameters like −
 What operating system or browser the visitor is using
 Whether the user is using a computer or a mobile device
 The source location that referred the visitor
 If the visitor has done a purchase before from an online shop, etc.
 Web Browser
• Web Browser is an application software that allows us to view
and explore information on the web
• User can request for any web page by just entering a URL into
address bar
• Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more
• It is the responsibility of a web browser to interpret text and
commands contained in the web page
• Earlier the web browsers were text-based while now a days
graphical-based or voice-based web browsers are also
available
 Example of Web Browser
Browser Vendor
Internet Explorer Microsoft
Google Chrome Google
Mozilla Firefox Mozilla
Netscape Navigator Netscape Communications Corp.
Opera Opera Software
Safari Apple
Sea Monkey Mozilla Foundation
K-meleon K-meleon