UNIT-2 TABLETS (part-2)

Classifications of the tablets.

1. Based on coating technique:
COATED UNCOATED
TABLET TABLET
 Film coated tablets. Bilayer tablets
 Enteric coated tablets. Trilayer tablets
 Sugar coated tablets.

2. Based on the releasing profile (Modified tablets).

 Instant release
 Sustained release.
 Controlled release
 Enteric release
 Delayed release
3. Tablets used in Oral cavity
o Mouth dissolving tablets
o Buccal Tablets
o Sublingual tablets
o Chewable Tablets
o Lozenges Each of these dosage forms is designed to
o Dental cones meet specific therapeutic needs, improving
4. Tablets administered by other routes. the effectiveness of treatment and
o Implantation tablets enhancing patient compliance.
o Vaginal tablets
5. Tablets used to prepare solutions.
o Effervescent tablets
o Dispersible tablets
o Hypodermic tablets
o Tablet triturates
2.Based on the releasing profile (Modified tablets)

 Instant release
 Sustained release.
 Controlled release
 Enteric release
 Delayed release
 1.Instant release tablets
Instant release tablets are a type of medication designed
to disintegrate and release their active ingredient
rapidly after oral administration. They provide
quick onset of action by dissolving quickly in the
digestive system, allowing the active pharmaceutical
ingredient to be absorbed into the bloodstream faster.
This makes them suitable for conditions where rapid
relief of symptoms is desired. Instant release tablets are
also known as immediate-release tablets.
2.Sustained Release (SR) Tablets:

•Definition: Sustained release tablets are formulated

to release the active ingredient gradually over an
extended period.
•Purpose: The main goal is to maintain a more
consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream over
a longer duration, reducing the need for frequent
dosing. This can improve patient compliance and
reduce side effects associated with peak
concentrations.
3.Controlled Release (CR) Tablets:

•Definition: Controlled release tablets are designed to

release the active ingredient at a predetermined, controlled
rate.
•Purpose: To achieve a more predictable and consistent
drug concentration in the bloodstream, improving
therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.
Controlled release systems can include sustained release but
also more complex release patterns.
4.Enteric Release Tablets:

Definition: Enteric release tablets are a specific type of

delayed release tablets coated with enteric polymers.
Mechanism: The enteric coating prevents the tablet from
dissolving in the acidic pH of the stomach but allows it to
dissolve in the higher pH of the intestine.
Purpose: To protect the drug from the acidic environment
of the stomach (which can degrade some drugs), to protect
the stomach lining from irritation by the drug, or to target
drug release to the intestines.
5.Delayed Release (DR) Tablets:

Definition: Delayed release tablets are designed to release

the active ingredient at a time later than immediately after
administration.
Purpose: The delay in release can protect the drug from
being degraded by stomach acid, reduce gastrointestinal side
effects, or target drug release to specific regions of the
gastrointestinal tract.
3. Tablets used in Oral cavity

o Mouth dissolving tablets

o Buccal Tablets
o Sublingual tablets
o Chewable Tablets
o Lozenges
o Dental cones
1. Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs):

•Definition: Tablets that dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the

mouth without the need for water.
•Mechanism: Formulated with superdisintegrants or effervescent
agents that cause the tablet to disintegrate quickly upon contact with
saliva.
•Purpose: To provide rapid onset of action, improve patient
compliance (especially in those who have difficulty swallowing),
and enhance convenience. They are particularly useful for pediatric,
geriatric, and psychiatric patients.
2. Buccal Tablets:

•Definition: Tablets designed to be placed in the buccal pouch

(the area between the gum and the cheek) where they dissolve
slowly.
•Mechanism: They are formulated to release the active
ingredient slowly as they dissolve in the buccal cavity,
allowing absorption through the mucous membrane.
•Purpose: To provide prolonged release of the drug directly
into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract and
first-pass metabolism in the liver. This can be beneficial for
drugs that are extensively metabolized in the liver or for
providing local treatment in the mouth.
3.Sublingual Tablets:

•Definition: Tablets designed to be placed under the tongue where

they dissolve and are absorbed directly into the bloodstream.
•Mechanism: These tablets dissolve quickly in saliva, allowing
the active ingredient to be absorbed through the mucous
membranes under the tongue.
•Purpose: To provide rapid onset of action as the drug is absorbed
directly into the systemic circulation, bypassing the
gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism. This is useful for
emergency situations like angina attacks where quick action is
needed.
4.Chewable Tablets:

•Definition: Tablets that are meant to be chewed before

swallowing.
•Mechanism: These tablets are formulated to be palatable and
easily broken down by chewing, often containing flavorings and
sweeteners to improve taste.
•Purpose: To aid in swallowing, especially for those who have
difficulty swallowing whole tablets. They provide a quicker
onset of action compared to traditional tablets and are often used
for antacids, vitamins, and some children's medications.
5.Lozenges:

•Definition: Solid dosage forms that are intended to dissolve

slowly in the mouth.
•Mechanism: Lozenges are typically formulated to dissolve
over a period of time, releasing the active ingredient gradually as
they are held in the mouth.
•Purpose: To provide local or systemic effects. They are
commonly used for sore throat relief, delivering the drug
directly to the site of infection or irritation, or for systemic
absorption through the oral mucosa.
6.Dental Cones:

1. Definition: Small, cone-shaped tablets or implants

designed for insertion into tooth sockets or periodontal
pockets.
2. Mechanism: They are formulated to dissolve slowly,
releasing the active ingredient directly into the
surrounding tissues.
3. Purpose: To provide localized treatment, such as
antibiotics or antiseptics, directly to the site of dental
infections or after tooth extractions to prevent infection
and promote healing.
4. Tablets administered by other routes

o Implantation tablets
o Vaginal tablets
i. Implantation Tablets:
•Definition: Tablets designed to be surgically implanted under
the skin or into a specific tissue area, where they slowly
release the active ingredient over an extended period.
•Mechanism: These tablets are formulated with a slow-
release mechanism, often using biodegradable materials that
allow the drug to be gradually released as the material breaks
down.
•Purpose:
• To provide long-term, continuous drug delivery.
• To ensure a consistent therapeutic effect without the
need for frequent dosing.
• Commonly used for hormone therapies, such as
testosterone or contraceptives, and for certain chronic
conditions that require steady medication levels.
ii. Vaginal Tablets:
•Definition: Tablets designed to be inserted into the vagina where they
dissolve and release the active ingredient.
•Mechanism: Formulated to dissolve or disintegrate upon contact with
vaginal fluids, releasing the drug locally within the vaginal environment.
•Purpose:
• To deliver medication directly to the vaginal tissues, providing local
treatment for conditions such as infections (e.g., antifungals for yeast
infections), hormonal treatments (e.g., estrogen for menopause-
related symptoms), or contraceptives.
• To ensure that the medication acts directly at the site of the problem,
potentially reducing systemic side effects and increasing efficacy.
5. Tablets used to prepare solutions

o Effervescent tablets
o Dispersible tablets
o Hypodermic tablets
o Tablet triturates
i. Effervescent Tablets

Description: Effervescent tablets are solid dosage forms

that are meant to dissolve in water before administration.
When dropped into water, they release carbon dioxide,
creating a fizzy solution. The effervescence helps the
tablet dissolve quickly and uniformly.
ii. Dispersible Tablets

Description: Dispersible tablets are designed to be

dispersed in a small amount of liquid (usually water)
before being swallowed. Unlike effervescent tablets,
they do not produce carbon dioxide and do not fizz
when added to water.
iii. Hypodermic Tablets
iv. Tablet Triturates

Tablet Triturates mould