Classify Me

“Where Do I Belong”
 Plat Cros Railway
e s Track
PERPENDICULA PARALLE NEITHE
R L R
Pedestrian Scisso Edge of
Crossing r ruler

PERPENDICULA PARALLE NEITHE

R L R
Telescope Edge of television Keys of a
piano

PERPENDICULA PARALLE NEITHE

R L R
Stop Steps of a Goal post and
sign ladder crossbar

PERPENDICULA PARALLE NEITHE

R L R
 Topic 3

PARALLELISM AND

PERPENDICULARITY
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, learners should be able
to:
a. Identify and illustrate parallel lines and perpendicular
lines;
b. Prove properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal
using a two-column proof..
c. Appreciate the importance of parallel lines cut by a
transversal in a real-life situations.
 PARALLEL LINES
- Two lines in the same plane that are equal distance from
each other and never meet.
a > D
The arrow
symbol on
> Y
the line
suggests that
ma ∥ “a is parallel to
C
two lines are
m” X parallel.
m
Symbol for
parallel: ∥ 𝑪𝑫 ∥
 PERPENDICULAR LINES
- Two lines that intersect to form four right angles.
a
m a⊥m
“a is perpendicular
to m”
Symbol for
perpendicula ⊥
 TRANSVERSAL
Definition:
A transversal is a line that intersects two or more lines
at different points.
a
b

c
Line c is the transversal
because
Activity
1
 Direction: Use the figure to answer the
following questions.

a. Name the parallel lines

𝐸𝐹 ∥ 𝐺𝐻
b. Name the transversal line
𝐴𝐷
c. Name the perpendicular lines
𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝐸𝐹 and 𝐶𝐷 ⊥
𝐺𝐻
 Angles formed
when two parallel
lines are cut by a
transversal:
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, they formed
different types of angles and pairs of angles.
1. The angles formed by the transversal with the two other lines are called:
a. interior angles
b. exterior angles

2. The pairs of angles formed by the transversal with the other two lines are
called:
a. alternate-interior angles
b. alternate-exterior angles
c. same side interior angles
d. same side exterior angles
e. corresponding angles
 t Alternate Interior Angles

1 2 Alternate interior angles are pair of

l nonadjacent interior angles on the opposite
3 4
side of the transversal.

k
5 6 ∠3 & ∠6
7 8
∠4 & ∠5
 t Alternate Exterior Angles

1 2 Alternate exterior angles are pair of

l nonadjacent exterior angles on the opposite
3 4
side of the transversal.

5 6 ∠1 & ∠8
k
7 8 ∠2 & ∠7
 t Same Side Interior Angles

1 2 Same side interior angles are pair of interior

l angles that are on the same side of the
3 4
transversal.

5 6 ∠3 & ∠5
k
7 8
∠4 & ∠6
 t Same Side Exterior Angles

1 2 Same side exterior angles are pair of

l exterior angles that are on the same side of
3 4
the transversal.

k
5 6 ∠1 & ∠7
7 8
∠2 & ∠8
 t Corresponding Angles

1 2 Corresponding angles are pair of

l nonadjacent interior and exterior angle on
3 4
the same side of the transversal.

k
5 6 ∠1 &∠5 ∠3 & ∠7
7 8
∠2 & ∠6 ∠4 & ∠8
 t Vertical Angles

1 2
l
3 4 ∠2 & ∠3
∠1 & ∠4
5 6 ∠5 & ∠8
k
7 8
∠6 & ∠7
 t Linear Pair

1 2 ∠1 & ∠2 ∠5 & ∠6
l
3 4
∠1 & ∠3 ∠5 & ∠7
5 6 ∠3 & ∠4 ∠7 & ∠8
k ∠2 & ∠4 ∠6 & ∠8
7 8
Activity 2
 Directions: Identify the type of angles for each number.

1. ∠m & ∠b Vertical Angles

2. ∠b & ∠o Alternate Interior Angles
3. ∠a, ∠m, ∠d & ∠p Exterior Angles
4. ∠n & ∠p Corresponding Angles
5. ∠a & ∠p Alternate Exterior Angles
 Directions: Identify the type of angles for each number.

6. ∠a & ∠d Same Side Exterior Angles

7. ∠a & ∠c Corresponding Angles
8. ∠n & ∠c Alternate Interior Angles
9. ∠n & ∠o Same Side Interior Angles
10. ∠b, ∠n, ∠c & ∠o
Interior Angles
In proving parallel lines
that are cut by a
transversal, remember
the following
theorems/postulates:
 Alternate Interior
Angles
Theorem y
- If two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the alternate
a
interior angles are congruent. 65° 3 4 115°
115° 5 6 65°
∠3 ≅ b
∠6
∠4 ≅ a ∥ b cut by transversal y
∠5
 Alternate Exterior Angles
Theorem
y
- If two parallel lines are cut by a 115° 1
2 65°
transversal, then the alternate a
exterior angles are congruent.
b
∠1 ≅ 65° 7 8
115°
∠8
∠2 ≅ a ∥ b cut by transversal y
∠7
 Same-Side Interior Angles
Theorem
- If two parallel lines are cut by y
a transversal, then the interior
angles on the same side of the a
65° 3 4 115°
transversal are supplementary.
115° 5 65°
m∠3 + m∠5 = b 6

180⁰ m∠4 +
m∠6 = 180⁰
a ∥ b cut by transversal y
 Same-Side Exterior Angles
Theorem
- If two parallel lines are cut by y
a transversal, then the exterior 115° 1 2 65°
angles on the same side of the a
transversal are supplementary.
b
m∠1 + m∠7 = 65° 7 8 115°
180⁰ m∠2 +
m∠8 = 180⁰ a ∥ b cut by transversal y
 Corresponding Angles
Postulate
y
- If two parallel lines are cut
by a transversal, then each pair 115° 65°
a 1 2
of corresponding angles are 65° 3 4 115°
congruent. 115° 5 6 65°
b 7 8
∠1 ≅ ∠5, ∠2 65° 115°
≅∠6,
∠3 ≅ ∠7, & a ∥ b cut by transversal y
∠4 ≅ ∠8
 t Vertical Angles Theorem
120° 60°
1 2 Vertical angles are congruent
l
60°
3 4
120°
120° 5 6 60° ∠2 & ∠3
k
7 8 ∠1 & ∠4
60° 120° ∠5 & ∠8
∠6 & ∠7
 t Linear Pair Theorem
120° 60°
1 2 Linear Pair are supplementary.
l
60°
3 4
120°
120° 5 6 60°
k ∠1 & ∠2 ∠5 & ∠6
7 8
60° ∠1 & ∠3 ∠5 & ∠7
120°
∠3 & ∠4 ∠7 & ∠8
∠2 & ∠4 ∠6 & ∠8
Activity 3
 Find the measure of all the other angles.
u
103⁰ 1. ∠1 = 103⁰ 5. ∠5 = 103⁰
p 1
2

2. ∠2 =77⁰ 6. ∠6 =77⁰
3
4
q 5 6 77⁰

3. ∠3 =77⁰
78
7. ∠7 =77⁰
p ∥ q cut by transversal u 4. ∠4 =103⁰ 8. ∠8 =103⁰
 TA K E H O M E
ACTIVITY
S E AT W O R K # 2
WRAP
UP!
Relationship Between Pairs of Angles formed
by Parallel Lines Cut by a
Transversal u
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then:
103⁰ 77
 The alternate interior angles are congruent. p 1
2 ⁰
 The alternate exterior angles are congruent. 77⁰ 3 4 103⁰

 The interior angles on the same-side of the transversal q 103⁰5 6 77⁰

are supplementary. 77⁰ 7 8 103⁰
 The exterior angles on the same-side of the transversal are
supplementary. p ∥ q cut by transversal u
 The corresponding angles are congruent.