GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

First Semester, S.Y. 2023-2024

ROMINA D. MEDIANA
Subject Teacher
 Module 1 The Nature of Chemistry

The learners are expected to:

• define chemistry and list the types of activities it includes;

• describe how chemistry is applied in ways that affect our lives
• and our society;
• give examples of how chemistry influences society and how society
influences chemistry;
• explain how chemistry is related to other sciences; and
• give examples of how chemistry is linked to other areas of study.
 What is Chemistry?
1.1 What is Matter ?
– is anything that occupies space and have mass.
- is anything you can touch ( water, earth, and trees), smell,
hear, see or you cannot see (such as air)

 Which matter is not?

- energy, light and sound
 What is Chemistry?
Practice Exercise:
Identify the following if each is matter or not. On the space before the number, write M if it is a matter
and O if its not.
_______1. sound of a police siren
_______2. airplane
_______3. books on a shelf
_______4. heat from a fire
_______5. block of ice
_______6. light from a torch
_______7. pair of shoes
_______8. information from the internet
_______9. bouquet of flowers
_______10. dozen of donuts
SELF-CHECK:

1. What are the five things about matter studied in chemistry?

2.Look around you. Cite three examples of chemical products that you
can see. Give the use of each product that you cited.
 What is Chemistry?
1.1 Chemistry is…
- the study of composition, properties and structure of matter, the changes that matter
undergoes and the energy involve in these changes.
- is described as the central science, because it touches all other sciences. It means that a basic
understanding of chemistry is essential in the study of all other fields of science:
 Physics
 Biology
 Earth Science
 Ecology
 Environmental Science

 Leads to conduct research, which is any activity aimed at systematic discovery and interpretation of
new knowledge.
 What is Chemistry?
 Basic research - leads us to a greater understanding of how the world operates. The foundation of
knowledge laid down by basic research leads to useful applications.

 Applied research - focuses on developing these applications

 Applied research in chemistry has provided us with medicine, food, water, shelter, and so many of
the material goods that characterize modern life.

SELF-CHECK:

Chemist have learned how to produce aspirin using petroleum as a starting material. Is this an
example of basic or applied research?
 IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY
 Has huge and vital role in technological development
 Help advance human civilization
 Benefits:
- medicine/pharmaceuticals
- crop-enhancing agricultural chemicals to ensure that society will have
a constant and viable food supply
- water-treatment process
- synthetic fibers/plastics
- shelter and clothing
The first four major fields of natural sciences to
specialize were:
Physical
Chemistry
Biology
Geology.
 Branches of Chemistry
1. Organic Chemistry – study of carbon-based compounds; with few exceptions

like CO,and CO2

2. Inorganic Chemistry – study of compounds that do not contain carbon
and their electrical and magnetic properties of atoms.
3. Biochemistry – Study of the chemical processes of living things.
4. Physical chemistry – study of the mechanism, rates and energetics of chemical
reactions
5. Analytic chemistry – study of the quality and quantity of components of substances
 Relationship of chemistry with other sciences

1. Physics - quantum mechanics

- rules of materials found in nature
- theoretical chemistry really is theoretical physics.
2. Astrochemistry- This conjunction of chemistry and astronomy studies the
composition of the stars and the molecular clouds found in space
3. Pharmacology - relies on chemistry for the manufacture of new medicines that
manage to restore the balance of the body to the healthy state.
4. Electrochemistry - this branch also mixes physics and chemistry, studies the
transformation of electrical energy, a field of study of physics, to
chemical energy.
5. Photochemistry: studies the interactions of atoms with light, this is also a field of
study in atomic and molecular physics.
 Relationship of chemistry with other sciences
6. Magnetochemistry: studies the properties of substances that have magnetic
properties, with the help of the physical field of
electromagnetic.
7. Nanochemistry: is responsible for the study of nanoparticles and how to
make reactions with them. This gives rise to quantum-level
reactions that are also studied in quantum physics.
8. Geochemistry: This joint branch of chemistry and geology, studies the
composition of the elements that make up the earth and its
reactions and behaviors.
9. Industrial Chemistry - responsible for the production of reactive elements in
high amounts.
 Activity
Match each branch of Chemistry with a numbered statement:
a. Organic Chemistry 1. Measure the level of Mercury in Blood
2. Study non-carbon-based materials in rocks
b. Inorganic chemistry 3. Investigate changes that occur as food is
c. Biochemistry digested in the stomach
d. Analytical Chemistry 4. Study carbon-based materials in petroleum
products
e. Physical Chemistry 5. Explain the energy change that occurs when dry
ice vaporizes
 Scientists Who Contributed to Chemistry
Some Foreign Scientist and Their Contributions to Chemistry:
• Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743 – 1794)
-law of conservation of mass
• Louis Pasteur (1882 – 1895)
-vaccination, fermentation and pasteurization
• Marie Curie (1867 – 1934)
-radioactivity, radium and polonium
• Linus Carl Pauling (1901 – 1994) -fields of quantum chemistry
 Scientists Who Contributed to Chemistry
Some Filipino Scientist and Their Contributions to Chemistry
• Julian A. Banzon, Ph.D. (1908 – 1988)
-alternative fuel
• Clara Y. Lim-Syliangco, Ph.D. (b. 1925)
-works on mutagens, anti-mutagens, and Carcinogenic chemicals found in plants
• Luz Oliveros-Belardo, Ph.D. (1906 - 1999)
-research focused on extracting essential oils and other chemicals from native Philippine plants,
for pharmaceuticals, food production, scents, and other applications
• Alfredo C. Santos, Ph.D. (1900 - 1990)
-study of chemistry of natural products and the search for medicinal properties of local species.