English for

Academic
Professional
Purposes
What is the role of
language?
 Language is a vital part of
human connection. Humans
have the only ones that have
mastered the cognitive language
communication.
 It allows us to share our ideas,
thoughts and feelings with others
and has the power to build societies.
 ACADEMIC LANGAUGE
used in academic texts have specified
grammar, vocabulary, discourse, and
functional skills associated with
academic instruction and academic
materials and tasks.
According to Dr. Leila Kanso (2020),
academic language can be defined as
follows:
1. The language used in classrooms
2. The language of texts
3. The language of assessments
4. The language of academic success
5. The language of power
WHAT HAVE YOU
WRITTEN SO FAR?
HAVE YOU EVER WRITTEN
ABOUT YOUR SUMMER
VACATION OR CHRISTMAS
VACATION?
HAVE YOU WRITTEN A
TITLE FO YOUR
THESIS?
 OR HAVE YOU BEEN ASSIGNED TO
MAKE A;

• REACTION PAPER, BOOK

REVIEW, SKITS, POEMS,
LETTERS
What are the differences?
SKITS, POEMS, LETTERS, NEWSPAPER
OR MAGAZINE, and COMPOSITIONS
ABOUT CHRISTMAS AND SUMMER
VACATIONS

are examples of NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS

 A writing which is personal,
emotional, impressionistic, or
subjective in nature.
NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS
It can be more informal in tone, and
may even rely more heavily on
emotional appeal or the opinions of
the author.
NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS
 REACTION PAPER, BOOK
REVIEW, THESIS

are examples of ACADEMIC TEXTS

 Defined as critical, objective,
specialized texts written by experts or
professionals in a given field using
formal language.
ACADEMIC TEXTS
Therefore, this is based on facts
with solid basis
ACADEMIC TEXTS
 ACADEMIC
WRITING
Is generally quite formal,
objective (impersonal) and
technical.
 It is formal by avoiding casual or
conversational language, such as
informal vocabulary or contractions
ex. “don’t” = “do not”
 It is impersonal and objective by
avoiding by avoiding direct
reference to people or feelings
and it is based on facts and not on
opinions.
 It is technical by using
vocabulary specific to discipline.

 To be a good academic writer, you

need to learn the specific styles and
structures for your discipline.
 ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES
TRACKS /STRANDS
BUSINESS
SOCIAL STUDIES
HUMMANITIES
AND NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

NOTE: KNOW THE SPECIFIC WORDS OR VOCABULARY WHICH ARE

ONLY SUITED FOR SPECIFIC DISCIPLINE.
 VIRUS
TVL- means a type of malware that when
executed, replicates itself by modifying
other computer programs and inserting its
own code into those programs
 STEM- means an infectious microbe
consisting of segment of nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein
coat.
EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

• Examines,
•LITERARY evaluates and
ANALYSIS makes an
argument about
literary work.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

•LITERARY •Goes beyond

ANALYSIS mere
summarizatio
n
EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

• Requires careful close

•LITERARY reading of one or
ANALYSIS multiple texts and often
focuses on specific
characteristic, theme
or motif.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

•RESEARCH • Uses outside

information to
PAPER support a thesis or
make an argument.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

•RESEARCH • Written in all

disciplines and may
PAPER be evaluative,
analytical or
critical in nature.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Primary Sources
•RESEARCH (ex. Historical Records)
PAPER  Secondary Sources
records
(ex. Peer Reviewed
• Research Sources Scholarly Articles)
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT

•RESEARCH  It involves
synthesizing this
PAPER external information
with your own ideas.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
A document submitted
• DISSERTATION at the conclusion of Ph.
D. program.
Or THESIS
A book length
summarization of the
doctoral candidate’s
research.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
A periodical publication in
•ACADEMI which a study relating to an
academic discipline is
C published. It also serves
permanent and transparent
JOURNAL forums for the presentation,
scrutiny, and discussion of
research.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
often both a written
• CONFERENCE document and an oral
PAPERS presentation. You may be
asked to submit a copy of
your paper to a
commentator before you
present at the conference.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
Thus, your paper
• CONFERENCE
should follow the
PAPERS conventions for
academic papers
and oral
presentations.
 EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
a concise summary of a
•ABSTRACT research paper or of an
entire thesis. It highlights
key content areas – the
study’s purpose, relevance
or importance, main
findings and
recommendations.
 Done as part of a class, program
study or for publication in academic
journal or scholarly book of articles
around a theme by different authors.
ACADEMIC PAPERS
 OTHER EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC
TEXTS
Books
Book reports
Translations
Explications
 FEATURES OF ACADEMIC TEXT
• A well-structured text enables
the reader to follow the
• STRUCTURE argument and navigate the text
• Two common structured
• 1. The three-part essay structure
• 2. EMRAD structure
 THE THREE-PART ESSAY
• INTRODUCTION – clearly tell the reader the topic,
purpose and structure of the paper.
• Might be 10% and 20% of the length of the whole paper.
• THREE MAIN PARTS
• 1.The most general information
• 2.The core of the introduction
• 3.The most specific information
 THE BODY
• What is the question all about?
• May elaborate directly on the topic sentence by giving
definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts,
examples and evidence.
• THE HEART OF THE ESSAY / THE LARGEST PART
OF THE ESSAY
• It expounds the specific ideas for the readers to have a
better understanding on the topic.
 CONLUSION
• “MIRROR IMAGE OF THE INTRODUCTION”
• If the INTRODUCTION goes from general to specific
information, CONCLUSION moves in the opposite
direction.
• Begins by briefly summarizing the main scope or structure
of the paper.
• Confirms the topic that was given in the introduction.
• Ends with a more general statement about how this topics
relates to its context.
 IMRaD STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION
METHODS/METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
ANALYSIS
DISCUSSION
 CONTENT AND STYLE OF
ACADEMIC TEXTS
Academic texts include ideas and concepts
that are related to the specific discipline they
explore.
One way to figure out that a certain text is an
academic texts is to know its characteristics.
 CONTENT AND STYLE OF
ACADEMIC TEXTS
Generally, they are organized in a specific
way; they have a clear structure all throughout
the piece and within each section, paragraph
and even sentence. It should be formal,
objective, complex, concise and specific.
Generally it should contain the
following:
• They state critical questions and
issues.
• They provide facts and evidence from
credible sources.
• They use precise and accurate words
while avoiding jargon and colloquial
expressions.
• They take an objective point-of-view
and avoid being personal and
subjective.
• They list references.
• They use hedging or cautious
language to tone down their claims.