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KDU - Research Methods

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19 views46 pages

KDU - Research Methods

Uploaded by

Prince Jeddie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RESEARCH METHODS & PROPOSAL WRITING

How to Write a Research Proposal?

A research proposal is intended to:

i. convince others that you have a worthwhile


research project

ii. and that you have competence and the work-plan


to complete it
How to Write a Research Proposal?

The proposal should have:

i. Sufficient information to convince your readers

ii. That you have an important research idea

iii. That you have a good grasp of the relevant literature


and the major issues

iv. And that the methodology is sound


All research proposals must address the following:

•What you plan to accomplish

•Why you want to do it

•How you are going to do it


What Makes a Good Research Proposal?

• Relevance, either to the student’s course,


or to the work of the funding body

• The research is unique, or offers new insight or development


What Makes a Good Research Proposal?

• The title, aims, and objectives are all clearly expressed

• Comprehensive and thorough


-- background research
-- literature review has been undertaken
4
Rule of Thumb
Rule
1

•Read, read, read, read, and read a lot


around your area of interest

•There is never a short-cut in doing a research


Rule
2

•Show evidence that there is a problem

•Provide current (2018-2023) scholarly academic


citations/references
Rule
3

• Show evidence that your research is significant

• Indicate who are the stakeholders who will benefit from your
research findings
Rule
4

•Ensure that your research is a contribution, added-knowledge,


added-value to your discipline

• At par with your academic level


Steps in Locating a Research Problem

Step 1: Determining the field of research


in which you are interested or keen
to do the research

Step 2: You should develop the mastery on the


area, or it should be the field of your
specialisation
Steps in Locating a Research Problem

Step 3: You should review the researches in the


area to know the recent trend and studies
in the area

Step 4: On the basis of review, you should


consider the priority field of the study
Steps in Locating a Research Problem

Step 5: You should draw an outline in


identifying or locating the problem.
Get assistance from supervisor or experts
of the field

Step 6: You should pin-point specific aspect


of the problem which is to be
investigated
Analysing a Problematic Situation

• Gather facts that might be related to the problem

• Observe whether the facts are relevant

• Trace any relationship between facts that might


reveal the key to the difficulty
Analysing a Problematic Situation

• Propose various explanations for the cause


or the difficulty

• Ascertain through observations and analysis whether these explanations


are relevant to the problem

• Trace relationship between explanations that may


give an insight into the problem solution
Analysing a Problematic Situation

• Trace relationship between facts and explanations

• Question assumptions underlying the analysis of the problem

• Trace the irrelevant facts which are not concerned with the problem

• Locate the irrelevant explanations which are not related to the problem
After going through these processes,
the researcher will then be able
to define or state the problem
Defining a Research Problem

A study should be delimited by the following aspects:

•The variables that should be mentioned clearly


in the problem

•The area or level, such as pre-school level,


primary level, secondary level, or tertiary level
Defining a Research Problem

• The size of sample.


Consider the time, energy, and money, but
it should be a representative

• Method of Research
A problem or study may be conducted by different
methods, but it is not possible.
Therefore, the best method should be used so that the
study should be delimited to the method only
Defining a Research Problem

• Measuring Instrument
Though there are numerous instruments available,
but all tools cannot be used to measure.
Thus, the best available tool will be used for measuring
the variables

• Techniques of Research
A number of techniques can be used for analysing data,
but the most appropriate techniques should be used
Defining a Research Problem

Limitations vary from problem to problem


as every problem has its own delimitations

These delimitations may help the researcher


in conducting the study, and the findings of
the study is also confined to these delimitations
Brainstorm Search Terms

• Consider
-- broader
-- narrower
-- related terms
-- think laterally
Brainstorm Search Terms

• Possible sources for generating ideas


-- prior knowledge of topics
-- course materials
-- quick searching
Brainstorm Search Terms

• Create a mind map

• Organising the search terms will support


more efficient and systematic searching
Literature Review
What is a Literature Review?

A summary of what has been published


-- in a book
-- in a paper

e.g., after studying a certain method

Write a simple summary about


-- the strength of the method
-- the weakness of the method
-- the applications of the method
Literature Review - Functions

• To give credits to previous researchers

• To demonstrate your knowledge of the research problem

• To demonstrate your understanding of the theoretical and research issues


related to your research questions
Literature Review - Functions

• To be able to critically evaluate relevant literature,


and to integrate and synthesise the existing literature

• To provide new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the


conceptual framework for your research
Purpose of a Literature Review

• Attain a good knowledge of the field of inquiry – facts, scholars etc.

• Methodologies common to the field

• Proposed research is really needed


Purpose of a Literature Review

• Helps to narrow the problem

• Generate hypotheses, research questions or questions for further studies

• Commence a long-term study of interest


Purpose of a Literature Review

 To provide a historical context for your research

 To give an overview of the current context in which your research is


situated

 To show relevant theories and concepts for your research


Purpose of a Literature Review

 To provide definitions and relevant terminology for your research

 To describe related research in the field and how your work extends this
or addresses a gap in previous work in the field

 To provide supporting evidence for a practical problem which your


research is addressing
Literature Review at the Proposal Stage

• Is likely to be a list of possible sources related to the research problem

• It is important to be critical and evaluative

• The sources must be closely related to the research you intend to carry
out

• A critical explanation on related theories to your study

• 10 to 15 journal updated articles relating to your research


Writing the Literature Review

• Needs organisation

• It should not be a series of unconnected summaries of studies, but rather


a synthesis pf previous related literature

• Develop an outline of the literature review, before you start to write

• Start with an introduction section, and end with a short summary that
pulls all the main points together
Thank You

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