Ex 3.

4
1. Suppose number is = x
2. If multiply than change it to + and division to –
3. In case of power, it is shifted infront of the log.
4. Take log on both side
5. Write characteristic and take log , ignore the decimal , ignore
the first number as you have already written the characteristic
6. If there is characteristic in negative than separate the
negative whole number from the positive decimal number. Or
you can write characteristic and mantissa separately.
7. As we have now logx value, take antilog on both sides,
8. Antilog of mantissa is only taken, so take it and write 1 st four
digits, adjust the decimal according to the characteristics.
9. Characteristics 0 means decimal will be placed according to
scientific notation.
10. In case of division, - sign will be placed before whole log , - will
get multiplied from the log results.
11. Characterisitic is written before decimal and mantissa after
that.
1. When we take antilog, the decimal is at referece point
according to scientific notation, move the decimal place
according to the characteristic, remember antilog is of
only mantissa section.
2. When we have our mantissa in negative, as no antilog is
possible of negative numbers, so we will add and subtract
a number that positive number interacting with the
mantissa makes it positive, now take antilog and solve it.
3. Numbers under square root convert it to exponential form
first.
4. Do not put exponent with each term, instead kepp it
outside the bracket, until everything that can be solved
inside the bracket have been solved.
5. Do not add or subtract anything until you are ready to
take antilog.
6. While taking four digits for log or antilog, do round it
before writing it.
q.2 is straight forward just take log on both sides and
proceed.
q.3 put the value of p and than proceed with taking log on
both the sides, remember to cancel negative sign on both
sides, whenever it happens.
• EX 5.1
3 terms
• First of all take common
• Split the middle term , if possible , one indication is
middle term is smaller than one term and greater than
the other term
• If minus sign is with the ist term , than take the minus
sign common as well
• If there is anything inside a bracket, if you can take the
common, take it
• If we have 3 terms and ist and last terms are perfect
square, than convert it into the square.
• Be careful about squares in fraction form, because often
they cancel out each other and 2 and 4 like make up
the 2ab part.
• EX 5.1
4 terms
• If we can not get a common, try to rearrange the
expression
• If we have two terms, see if we can convert it to four or
not
• Separating one term from the rest converts the remaining
into a formula or not
2 terms
If we have two terms and we proceed further by
multiplication, now we can not proceed further by common
method, as it will revert us back to position one from where
we started, we need to find a formula to proceed further
x(x-1)-y(y-1)
Taking a whole term common will result in 1 as remainder
[(x+y) (x-y)]-(x-y) (x-y) (x+y-1)
• EX 5.1
5 terms
Let’s see if we can convert it into 02 formulas
if not, than adding or subtracting any number
might have an effect.
EX 5.2

RADICAL EQUATION

LINEAR EQUATION

EXTRENEOUS EQUATION

AFTER ISOLATION OF RADICAL TERM IF IT IS EQUAL TO

NEGATIVE?

THE EASIEST WAY TO REMOVE RADICAL SIGN

Q.7 BEFORE TAKING SQUARE ROOT MOVE THE NUMBER

OUTSIDE RADICAL TO OTHER SIDE. REMEMBER THIS POINT.
ABSOLUTE VALUE DEFINITON

ABSOLUTE VALUE EQUATION

IF AN ABSOLUTE IS EQUAL TO A NEGATIVE NUMBER, THAN IT HAS NO SOLUTION.

WHENEVER YOU REMOVE BARS, PUT + SIGN ON OTHER SIDE OF EQUATION.

DO NOT MOVE THE NUMBERS THAT ARE ON THE BAR SIDE, FIRST PUT PLUS MINUS SIGN ON OTHER
SIDE AND THAN PROCEED FURTHER.

WHENEVER BARS SIDE HAS 0 ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE, DO NOT USE PLUS MINUS SIGN.

IF THERE ARE ANY NUMBERS OUTSIDE THE BARS, MOVE THEM TO THE OTHER SIDE, SOLVE AND THAN
REMOVE BARS AND PUT PLUS MINUS SIGN.

REMOVE THE BARS ONLY WHEN ALL OTHER ATTACHED NUMBERS HAVE BEEN SHIFTED TO THE OTHER
SIDE, LIKE PLUS, MINUS , MULTIPLY OR SUBTRACT.

WHEN THERE ARE MORE THAN ONE SET OF BARS, THAN MOVE THE BAR TO ONE SIDE AND NUMBERS
TO OTHER, PUT THEM IN SINGLE BAR AND THAN REMOVE THE BARS AND PUT THE SIGNS. AND THAN
CROSS MULTIPLY.

WHENEVER THERE ARE BARS ON BOTH SIDES AND THERE IS NO OTHER NUMBER , THAN REMOVE THE
BARS AND PUT PLUS MINUS SIGN ON ANY SIDE YOU WISH.

WHENEVER POSSIBLE , TAKE THE COMMON.

Ex 4.1

when we have something as

whole square and as single
power reduce it by power 1
Ex 4.1

a3 – b3 (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)

When we have numbers like 2 or

xy is there there is every likely A2-b2 as numerator
chance that they will interact and denominator
with other members to form a
perfect square.
EX 4.1
Whenever there is negative e sign with fraction, you can take it to top.
If two expressions are different only due to some sign, than taking the – common can give us equal
terms for further solution.
Do not interactive a negative sign outside the bracket with what is inside a bracket when it is a whole
square as it is against the BODMAS LAW.a
At any given point whenever you can take common take it especially after taking an LCM.
IF WE have ( or vice verse as a denominator and we have to take the LCM CHANGE IT INTO (A+B)
(A+B), than it will become easily to multiply it with the numerator.
if we have to multiply terms like (x+3)(x+3)(x-2), first multiply first 2 terms solve and than multiply
with the 3rd term.
If we have multiplied something , than we will not factorize it until unless we made some changes to it
because factorization will result into the same before multiplication.
Middle term split is possible or not, use the formula b2 -4ac = perfect square, mtb is possible.

when
we have this type of question where we have multiple layers of power than
It
is better to solve the question step by step and do not take the lcm directly as it will be
Difficult
to handle. It is better to have lcm when we have power to denominator as same.

When we have power of 6, than watch out denominator, if it has power of 2 than convert
It to cube raise to square and if denominator has power of 3 than convert it to cube with
power 2
Never forget to take common whenever it is possible.
If there is negative sign with denominator and we are taking lcm than take the negative sign
With numerator.
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
a3 - b3 = (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2)
 EX 4.2
When we get the answer by removin
radical sign via a square , put the plu
minus sign.
 in set tabular form (real numbers
contain various types of numbers so
they all can not be written.)
While writing real numbers in tabula
form, first write that x /x belong to r
and , now write the full question. An
we are done with that.
When solving inequalities, write the
original answer that will be written i
set form.
When moving a number containing minu
sign across the inequality, and it is goin
to multiply or divide across the inequalit
than reciprocate the inequality sign
Compound inequalities. Are those joine
by the word or , or, and. Or it has two
inequalities symbols used.
When writing the final answer in set
builder form, consider the corners of
inequality symbol towards x, and alway
start with the lower number
 EX 5.4
If we have no , or , or , and symbol in a
compound inequality than take the valu
between the inequality symbol with bot
terms.
If we
Ex 4.4
What will be the next step from here
 Ex 17.2
• Whenever you have to make a right angle triangle (ex 17.1) do it through
semi circle as any triangle formed in a semicircle is a right angle trinalge
• Whenever you have to form an isosceles triangle, we need a bisector, as
from a bisector distance to two sides is always same.
• Bisector of sides
• Bisector of an angle
• Concurrency (where all the bisectors meet)
• DRAW, JOIN, ARC, MEET, INTERSECTS, BISECTS, VERIFY
TERMINAL ARMS, DRAW PREPENDICULAR BISECTOR OF , OBTAINED, LIE
CONCURRENT AT, our required
• Drawing difference angles with the compass
 Ex 17.2
• Drawing permanent and temporary lines.
• Angle bisectors lies within the triangle.
• Altitudes (drawing of a line segment from the center of a vertex to
opposite side, also called perpendicular

• In the above question one base angle is give, we can find the another
angle by internal angle property of a triangle.
• When drawing altitude, if the opposite can’t be bisected at two points
than extend the opposite side with the dotted lines.
 Ex 17.2
• MEDIAN, (A median of a triangle is a line segment that JOINS A
vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side)
• First bisect all the sides, than draw a line segment (median) from the
centre of vertex to the opposite side centre
• When to you line segment or a ray in a triangle.
 Ex 17.3
Triangles between the parallel lines , having the same base are
equal (theorem)
Q1 to draw triangle of equal area to the quadrilateral we need to
draw a triangle by using the diagonal and drawing a parallel line to
the diagonal , so we can draw equal triangles.
For drawing a quadrilateral first study where the angle will be
made, than draw the base according to that.
Ex 17.5
• Form a rectangle
• Extend the top side of rectangle
• Bisect the extended and original rectangle top side
• From the point of bisection draw a semi circle
• Extend the right side line to touch the semi circle
• Draw 90* angle towards right and cut it at equal length to its other side
• Extend the rectangle top side and cut it at equal length to last two sides
• Join all sides to have our square
 Ex 17.5 q5
• EXERCISE 17.5 Q5.Construct a triangle having base 3.5cm and other two sides equal to 3.4cm and 3.8cm respectively.
Transform into a square of equal area.
• CONSTRUCTION OF TRIANGLE
• 1.Draw a line segment AB of length 3.5cm.
• 2.With Centre at A draw an arc of radius 3.4cm.
• 3.With Centre at B draw another arc of radius 3.8cm which cuts first arc at point C.
• 4.Join C to A and B to complete the triangle ABC.
• TRANSFORMATION OF TRIANGLE INTO RECTANGLE
• 5.Draw right bisector DE which cuts AB at point F.
• 6.From C draw a ray CG parallel to AB which DE at point H.
• 7.Cut off ray mHI=mFB.
• 8.Join I to B to complete rectangle FBIH having area equal to triangle ABC.
• TRANSFORMATION OF RECTANGLE INTO SQUARE
• 9.Produce IB to J making mBJ=mBF.
• 10.Bisect IJ at point O.
• 11.With Centre O and radius mOI=mOJ describe a semi-circle.
• 12.Produce FB to meet the semi-circle in K.
• 13.At K construct an angle of 90 degrees and draw ray KL.
• 14.Cut off mKM=mBK.
• 15.Produce BJ to N making mBN=mKM.
• 16.Join M to N to complete square BKMN.
• 17. Because Area of square BKMN= Area of rectangle FBIH= Area of triangle ABC
q5
Ex 2.2
q1
• Value is defined for the x or not
• Let it against any variable and solve if it is equal or not
• Q2
• Conver to log form
• Q3
• Finding the value of x
• Try to make the base or the power same to solve this question.
• Q4
• Find the unknown appeared in question 2 (part iv is important)
• We can write x3/4 as (x1/4)3 , similarly we can take a power on both sides to remove the power in fraction
• It is very important to see if we can make the base or power same or not, this is the only way these questions
can be solved
• We can convert a fraction into neumerator by reciprocating its power sign.
CONCEPT
Reference point
Characteristic
Mantissa (always less than 1)
Log = Characteristic + Mantissa
Remember (characteristic have to be extracted in log, whereas in
antilog characteristics is already mentioned.
When a number has not enough numbers than add 000, as many
required
Log of 4 is important question (watch 40 in 0 and 0)
CONCEPT
Anti log
Mantissa (watch it in antilog table
Characterisits (whole number is called characteristics , use it to adjust
decimal point.)
Explanation of antilog of negative number.
Anti log of 3 (this question is important) conver -3 to 3 bar and now you
can find its answer.
CONCEPT