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Atoms

atoms origin

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Catherine Villaruz
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23 views22 pages

Atoms

atoms origin

Uploaded by

Catherine Villaruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 Lecture

ATOM
ATOMS
2.1 Atoms and Their Components
• Subatomic particles organize to form all
atoms.
– The three basic subatomic particles are
the proton, neutron, and electron.
– Protons and electrons are charged
particles.
– Neutrons are neutral or uncharged.
– Protons have a positive (+) charge, and
electrons have a negative (-) charge.
– Overall, atoms have no charge because
the number of protons is equal to the
number of electrons.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2.1 Atoms and Their Components

• Structure of an Atom
– Protons and neutrons are clustered
together in the nucleus.
– Electrons are dispersed throughout the
area around the nucleus.
– The space occupied by the electrons is
called the electron cloud since the
electrons are constantly moving and are
difficult to pinpoint
– Most of an atom consists of empty space.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2.1 Atoms and Their Components

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


2.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number

Matter

Atoms

nucleus electron cloud

Neutrons protons = electrons (in a neutral


atom)

• The number of protons in an atom equals it’s atomic number


• Every atom has a unique atomic number
• Since electrons are easily gained or lost they determine the
overall charge of an atom

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


2.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number
• All atoms of the same element always have
the same number of protons.
• Atomic Number
– The number of protons in an atom of any
element can be determined from the
periodic table.
– The number that appears above each
element within its block is its atomic
number.
– The atomic number indicates the number
of protons present.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number
• Mass Number
– The number of neutrons in an atom can be
found from an atom’s mass number, which
is the # of protons plus the # of neutrons.
– Once the atomic number and the mass
number are known, you can determine the
number of subatomic particles present.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


isotopes
• Atoms with the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons
• Another way to say – atoms of the same
element with different numbers of neutrons
• An elements mass number is the number of
protons plus the number of neutrons
• REVIEW: to determine the number of
neutrons subtract the atomic number from the
mass number
• Mass # – atomic # = # of neutrons
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Importance of isotopes

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
2.2 Atomic Number and Mass Number

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


isotopic symbols

If X is Fluorine and its mass


number is 20 then the correct
isotopic symbol is __________

p= 9
20
n=11
Fl
9 e= 9

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Try solving

1. What is the isotope notation for an


atom with 11 protons, 13 neutrons, and
10 electrons?
2. What is the isotope notation of an atom
with 6 protons, 6 electrons and 8
neutrons?
3. What is the isotope notation of the
element W with a -2 charged.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


If the atom has a charge the charge is written
to the upper right side of the symbol. If the
charge is either negative or positive 1 the 1 is
not written but understood to be 1.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Determine the number of neutron in each isotope

+5
-2

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


ISOTOPES ELEMENT # of p ⁺ # of e ⁻ # of n  charge
NAME
d

As-75 30

Xenon 54

Astatine -1

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

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