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1 - Foundational Concepts

Biomechanics

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21 views31 pages

1 - Foundational Concepts

Biomechanics

Uploaded by

ali farhad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOMECHANICS

FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS

Reference:
Joint Structure and Function. By:
Pamela K Levangie, Cynthia C
Biomechanics

• The study of the structure and functions of biological systems


by means of the methods of mechanics
• It is the application of mechanical principles in the study of
living organisms

We might think of biomechanics as the


“physics of human movement”
•
Biomechanics

• Biomechanics uses the principles of mechanics for solving


problems related to the structure and function of living
organism

• Biomechanists use the tools of mechanics, to study the


anatomical and functional aspects of living organisms
Branches Of Mechanics

• Branch of physics that analyzes the actions of forces on


mechanical systems

MECHANICS

STATICS DYNAMICS
Statics

• Branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a constant


state of motion, whether at rest with no motion or
moving at a constant velocity without acceleration

• Statics involves all forces acting on the body being in


balance resulting in the body being in equilibrium
Dynamics

• Branch of mechanics dealing with systems subject to


acceleration

• A system in acceleration is unbalanced due to unequal


forces acting on the body
Biomechanical study

BIOMECHANICAL
STUDY

KINEMATICS KINETICS
Kinematics And Kinetics

Kinematics:
• Study of the description of motion, including
considerations of space and time
• Involve study of the size , sequencing and
timing of movement without reference to
force
Kinetics:
• Study of the action of forces associated with
motion
Key Differences:
• Focus: Kinematics focuses on describing motion (how objects move),
while kinetics focuses on explaining motion (why objects move).
• Forces and Torques: Kinematics does not consider forces and torques; it
only describes motion geometrically. Kinetics explicitly considers the
forces and torques that cause or affect motion.
Biomechanics Analysis

ANALYSIS

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Problem-solving Approach

Analysis of human movement:


Quantitative
• Involving the use of numbers
Qualitative
• Involving non-numeric description of quality
For A Qualitative Or
Quantitative Analysis

Answering a
Question/Problem of
Studying or Interest
Analyzing

Identification
Analyze The Function Of Robot,
Qualitatively & Quantitatively
Kinematic Variance

• Five Variants:
1. Type of displacement or motion of a segment.
2. Location in space of displacement
3. Direction of displacement
4. Magnitude of displacement
5. Rate of displacement ( velocity, acceleration )
Kinematics: Spatial Component

• Related to space
• Position
– Location in space relative to some spatial
coordinate system reference (e.g., Center of joint,
COG, COM, point of contact)
• Displacement
– Is the straight line distance and direction
• Distance
– The length of the path traversed
Kinematics: Temporal Components

• Related to time
• Speed
– Distance / time (M/S)
• Velocity
– Displacement / time (M/S)
• Acceleration
– Velocity / time (M/S2)
Tools For Measuring
Kinematic Quantities

Cinematography & videography:


• A wide array of equipment for studying
human movement kinematics.
• Most commonly used are video & film
• Standard video cameras, 8 mm & 1 mm
movie cameras.
• Computer-linked equipment – digitizing
Tools For Measuring
Kinetic Quantities
• Electromyography (EMG):
• A technique for recording electrical activity
produced by muscle, or myoelectric activity.
• Dynamography:
• The use of platforms and portable systems for
the measurement of forces and pressure on the
plantar surface of the foot.
• Primarily employed in gait research
SCOPE OF
BIOMECHANICS
Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Locomotion Patterns
biped vs quadruped
Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Energy cost with specific movement

Energy cost of running


Increases with
Running speed
Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Transitional Changes
Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Osteoporosis
• 90% of all fractures in men and women are
osteoporosis related after the age of 60.
Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Mobility Impairment in Elders


Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Clinical Research
Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Sport Performance Enhancement


Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Exercise and sport biomechanics

Mechanical Analysis of the Discus Throw


Problems Studied By Bio mechanists

Space Scientists (NASA)


Adaptation to low gravity environments
Why Study Biomechanics?

• To address problems related to human health and performance.


• Useful for
– Physical education teachers
– Physical therapists
– Physicians and surgeons
– Coaches
– Personal trainers
– Exercise instructors
THANKYOU

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