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The Fundamental Quantities and Derived Quantities

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48 views16 pages

The Fundamental Quantities and Derived Quantities

Uploaded by

kamatcho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The fundamental

UNIT 1
LESSON 1
quantities and
derived quantities
How we can measure the length of a book ?

What we need ? How we can describe it


correctly ?
• What is meant by measurement?
Measurement is the process of comparing
What is meant an unknown quantity with another quantity
by of its kind
measurement (called the unit of measurement)
? to find out how many times the first includes
the second.
The measurement process has three main
elements

1- THE PHYSICAL 2- THE NECESSARY 3- UNITS OF


QUANTITY TO BE MEASURING TOOLS. MEASUREMENT USED
MEASURED. (STANDARD UNITS).
Fundamental Physical Derived Physical
Quantity Quantity
is the physical quantity that is the physical quantity that
cannot be defined in terms can be defined in terms of
of other physical quantities the fundamental physical
(Examples are: Length, quantities (Examples are:
Time, and Mass.) volume, velocity, and
acceleration.).

Physical quantities can be classified into:


There are several systems used all over the world to
determine the fundamental physical quantities and their
measuring units.
• Units of Measurement

The The French The British The Metric


Fundamental System System (F.P.S) System
Quantity ( Gaussian (M.K.S)
System)
(C.G.S)

Length Centimeter Foot Meter

Mass Gram Pound Kilogram

Time Second Second Second


THE INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM OF UNITS IS International
USED IN ALL THE
SCIENTIFIC FIELDS System of Units
ALL OVER THE
WORLD.
(SI):
• Various measurement systems originated
and developed in different countries. The
measuring tools have been tremendously
Measurement developed in the context of the great
Tools industrial evolution next to the Second
World War. Consequently, these tools were
very helpful to man in describing
phenomena accurately and exploring facts.
• Without using measuring units, most
operations we perform in everyday
experience become meaningless. For
instance, when we say that the mass of an
Standard object is equal to (5) without giving a unit
Units of measurement, that makes us puzzled. Is
it in grams, kilograms, or tons? On the
other hand, saying that the mass of an
object is equal to (5 kg), the quantity would
be fully clarified.
The unit of measuring the physical quantity:

• We get the unit of measurement by substituting the symbols of


dimensions by the proper units. For instance, the measuring unit of
speed is m/s
• and the measuring unit of acceleration is m/s2.
Measuring units of some physical quantities:
Important notes
• 1- To add or subtract two physical quantities, they must be of the
same kind having the same dimensions. You cannot add a mass to a
length.
• 2- If the two quantities are of the same kind but having different
units, one unit should be converted into the other unit to be added or
subtracted.
• 3- Multiplying or dividing physical quantities of different dimensions
gives a new physical quantity; for example dividing distance over time
gives speed.
Conversion of Units
• Sometimes it’s necessary to convert units from one system to another.
Conversion factors between the SI and (F.P.S), (CGS) systems for
units of length and mass are as follows:
• 1 ft = 0.304 8 m = 30.48 cm
• 1lb = 0.4536 kg = 453.6 g
Prefixes of SI units
• he prefixes given in table below are essential to express some
physical quantities which are very large or very small.
• One kilometer (km) = 1 × 103 m
• One milli amper (mA) = 1 × 10-3 A
• Three Mega joule (MJ) = 3 × 10 6 J
• Five micro coulomb (µC) = 5 × 10-6 C
• 1 femto second (fs) = 1 ×10 -15 s

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