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Screening Scoping Baseline Impact Assessment Mitigating Measures Implementation Monitoring

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50 views25 pages

Screening Scoping Baseline Impact Assessment Mitigating Measures Implementation Monitoring

Uploaded by

tilahunmichael69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EIA Cycle:

Examine the planned project SCREENING


Decide what aspects of the environment
to examine, when, and how SCOPING

Examine the environment BASELINE

Predict what is going to IMPACT


happen to the environment ASSESSMENT
Modify the project design MITIGATING
MEASURES
Implement
IMPLEMENTATION

1 Monitor MONITORING 1
1 - Screening
1: Screening

Screening is:

a process of determining the need for, and
level of, environmental impact assessment


Thus, the purpose of screening in EIA is to
determine:
1. whether or not a proposal requires an EIA
2. what level of EIA is required
Outcomes of Screening
Three decisions are possible:

1. Full scale EIA – when sufficient ground for detail


assessment
2. Preliminary Assessment - this is for:
• Projects with limited impacts,
• Projects in which the need of EA is unclear,
and
• Proposals with inadequate information
3. No EAI required
Screening Approach

1. Prescriptive or standardized approach:


• proposals subject to or exempt from EIA are
defined or listed in legislation and regulations; and

2. Discretionary or customized approach:


• proposals are screened on an individual or
case-by-case base, using indicative guidance.
Prescriptive Approach
A. Proposals requiring a full EIA (Ethiopian case)
a. River basin development
b. Watershed management
c. Water management projects for agriculture (drainage,
irrigation)
d. Surface water fed irrigation projects covering more than
100 hectares
e. Ground water fed irrigation projects more than 100
hectares
f. River diversions and water transfers between catchments
g. Wastewater Treatment Plants – large scale
h. Urban roads – large
i. Oil and gas line
2. Scoping
 It
defines and set the scope of the study
 Key objectives

1. inform the public about the project proposal


2. identify the key stakeholders;
3. find out stakeholders concerns;
4. define feasible and practical alternatives;
5. identify main issues and impacts to be addressed;
6. define boundaries of the EIA studies;
7. establish the TOR for an EIA study.
The Conduct of Scoping

1. identify range of community and scientific


concerns
2. evaluate them to determine key issues
3. categorise the key issues in impacts that
require study in next stage
4. prioritize important issues and establish a
strategy for addressing them
Methods

 Scoping is often undertaken using:



Past experience

Checklists.

Cause and effect diagrams and networks.

Impact Models.
3 – Baseline Survey
Baseline Survey
 The collection of background information on the
•
Ecological,
•
Physio-chemical,
•
Human aspect for a proposed development project.
Environmental Parameter

Project begins without project

with project
Time
–
it provides a reference point to analyze and predict
impact related changes
4 – Impact Analysis
Impact Analysis

 It is the technical heart of the EIA process, which involve:


1. Identification of Impacts:

identifying impacts associated with each phase of the
project and the activities undertaken

2. Prediction of Impact
•
forecasting the nature, magnitude and extent and
duration of the main impacts

3. Evaluation of Impact
•
determining the significance of the residual impact i.e.,
after taking into account how mitigation will reduce the
Impact identification methods

 The most common formal methods used are:


a. checklists
b. matrices
c. networks
d. expert systems
e. professional judgement
15
Checklists
Matrices

Qualitative
Networks
EIA Impact Identification Methods

Expert Systems

Mathematical
Quantitative

Modeling
Checklists
Impact prediction

 After impacts identification, their potential size and


characteristics can be predicted.
Environmental Parameter
 It is a technical exercise. Common methods include
 Professional Judgment
 Quantitative mathematical modelling
• Water quality models, Hydrological models,
ecological models
 Experiments and physical model
 Case studies of projects of similar nature
Impact Evaluation
 Once Impacts have been analyzed, they are evaluated
to determine their significance
5 – Mitigation
Purpose of Mitigation

avoid, minimize or remedy adverse imapcts


find better ways of doing things
enhance environmental and social benefits
ensure that residual impacts are within acceptable
levels

21
Elements of Mitigation

22
Step 1: Impact Avoidance

not undertaking certain projects or elements that could


result in adverse impacts
avoiding areas that are environmentally sensitive
putting in place preventive measures to stop adverse
impacts from happening

23
Step 2: Impact Minimization

Limit, reduce the degree, magnitude, duration of adverse


impacts
scaling down or relocating the project
redesigning elements of the project
taking supplementary measures to manage impacts

24
Step 3: Compensation

Remedy unavoidable adverse impact


rehabilitation and restoration of the affected site or
environment
replacement of the same resource value at another
location

25

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