SCIENCE

AND
TECHNOLO
GY AND
NATION
BUILDING
 LEARNING
1. OUTCOMES
Discuss the role of Science and
Technology in Philippine
nation building
2. Evaluate government
policies pertaining to science
and technology in terms of
their contributions to nation
building
3. Identify actual science and
technology policies of the
government and appraise their
impact on the development of the
Filipino nation

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TOPICS
The Philippine Government S&T
Agenda

Major development programs

and personalities in S&T in the
Philippines

Science Education in the

Philippines

Selected indigenous science and

technologies

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NATION BUILDING

Nation building refers to the process of

developing a nation-state by organizing
social groups within a defined territory
under common political institutions and
an effective government.

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WHY IS SCIENCE ANG TECHNOLOGY
IMPORTANT IN NATION
BUILDING
Why is science ang Technology important in nation building?
THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT S&T
AGENDA

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Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023-2028 Economic Transformation for a Prosperous,
Inclusive, and Resilient Society
ADVANCE R&D AND INNOVATION ENHANCE THE DIGITAL ECONOMY INCREASE EMPLOYABILITY

Advance R&D and innovation especially in products and processes that promote linkages between
and among agriculture, industry and services. Create and expand a research network that will enable
collaboration among higher education institutions, research institutions, and local industries
particularly for enhancing agriculture productivity. Encourage greater innovation in the food sector to
produce higher value, but affordable products – high-nutrition, immune-boosting, even therapeutic
food products that can serve the domestic and international markets. Sustain improvement of
business environment, financial inclusion, competition, to encourage entrepreneurship and
innovation. Develop technologies that contribute to climate action, and those that mitigate and adapt
to climate change impact.
MAJOR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS IN S&T IN THE
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PERSONALITIES IN S&T
IN THE PHILIPPINES
 NATIONAL SCIENTIST & Their Contributions
Alfredo Lagmay (+) Angel Alcala
Have you ever heard of the artificial coral reefs used
Alfredo Mahar Francisco Lagmay was a national for fisheries in Southeast Asia? Well, Angel Alcala
research council member. He specialized in was the one who invented it. With his notable
experimental psychology and was notable for contribution to biological sciences, his research on
introducing behavioral studies and hypnosis the Philippine amphibians and reptiles was honored,
techniques for relaxation and among his many making his name appear in the Asian Scientists 100
contributions, the most significant one was his by The Asian Scientist Magazine (ASM). Also, his
research on how specific changes happen in human fieldwork in building sanctuaries and promoting
behavior and how that particular behavior could biodiversity in the Philippines' aquatic system has
treat mental illnesses in the long run. With this, he made him one of the outstanding National Scientists
helped many people establish behavior therapy as in the Philippines.
another effective treatment option for specific
conditions.

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 Edgardo Gomez (+) Fe del Mundo (+)

Marine biology was the field of specialization Regarding the child healthcare system, Fe del
of Edgardo Gomez. He led the first-ever Mundo was a notable Pediatrics pioneer. She
national-scale assessment of damage to coral founded the first pediatric Philippine hospital and
reefs worldwide, placing him in 9th place for focused on addressing what the country lacked
the Asian Scientists 100 magazine. With this regarding medical equipment in specific
excellent initiative in protecting and replanting communities like rural areas. And among her
the corals in the sea, he was awarded the remarkable contributions to the Filipino people,
National Scientist in 2014 and received a an incubator made out of bamboo is her most
fantastic package, like a lifetime pension. famous invention. She has specifically designed
the equipment so people who live in places
without electrical power can regulate the
temperature of their infants well.

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 Geminiano de Ocampo (+)
Gavino Trono
Geminiano de Ocampo is the only National
Just like Gomez, Gavino also specializes in Marine Scientist in the Philippines specializing in
Biology. He was even known as the "Father of Seaweed ophthalmology. With his knowledge of eye care,
Diversity" or the "Father of Kappaphycus Farming." So it he was the first person to diagnose and treat
is because he made a significant contribution to tropical specific eye problems in the country. He was the
marine psychology through his thorough research of one who established the very first Philippine eye
seaweed biodiversity. Through his research, we can hospital to help Filipinos get quality eye care. His
increase our knowledge of the diversity of seaweed corneal dissector is one of the essential
plants all over Asia and their role in the marine innovations, revolutionizing corneal transplant
ecosystem. surgery.

Ramon Barba (+)

Horticulture is what Ramon Barba is best recognized for. He even led the Filipino scientists
as he ranked third on the Asian Scientists 100 list. Barba developed technology for
inducing mangoes to flower out of season and all year round. Aside from mangoes, Barba
does other research on fruits and vegetables such as sugarcane, bananas, calamansi, etc.
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Gregorio Velasquez (+) Gregorio Zara (+)

Engineering and inventions that is what Gregorio

When we talk about phycology in the country, Zara is known for. He was a scientist and engineer
one name is linked to it, and it is Gregorio in the country, passionate about Science and
Velasquez. He is one of the many Filipinos who technology. His most significant invention was the
received the title of National Scientist due to videophone, which he patented together with 30
his remarkable contributions to the field of other devices for better and more convenient
Science. Regarding his research, Velasquez communication among people.
extensively focuses on marine algae, where he
has devised a way to tell which is which
through their unique characteristics.

Julian Banzon (+)

As a pioneer in renewable energy, Julian Banzon uses his skill in
producing alternative fuels through his research methods. As
he specialized in chemistry, it was easy for him to do this
incredible innovation, and he was even known for extracting
resident coconut oil from the fruit. With his outstanding
research, he was able to help people not solely to rely on fossil
fuels.
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 FILIPINO INVENTORS and their inventions

Diosdado “Dado” Banatao Abelardo Aguilar

His first major accomplishment was the design Dr. Abelardo Aguilar identified a strain of bacteria
and invention of the first single chip 16-bit while studying soil samples from his own lawn,
microprocessor based calculator. This would lead which led to the discovery of Erythromycin, a
him later to develop the first system logic chip set broad-spectrum antibiotic that is now widely used.
for IBM, the first Windows Graphics accelerator
chip for PCs.

He is now a venture capitalist in Silicon Valley and

philanthropist with the aim of furthering
education and study of the next generation

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 Pedro Edralin Flores
Maria Orosa y Ylagan
a Filipino businessman and yo-yo maker who
a Filipino food technologist, pharmacist, humanitarian, has been credited with popularizing yo-yos in
and military hero. She experimented with Filipino cuisine the United States. He patented an innovation
and invented Soyalac, a nutrient-rich drink made from to yo-yos that used a loop instead of a knot
soybeans, and Darak, rice biscuits containing vitamin B-1, around the axle, allowing for new tricks such
which prevents beriberi sickness, during WWII. She also as the ability to "sleep."
assisted in the smuggling of thousands of Filipinos,
Americans, and other nationals into Japanese-run
detention camps. She was the first to bring banana
ketchup and pineapple vinegar to the general audience.
Roberto del Rosario
a Filipino is claiming the right for the invention of the Sing-
Along-System (SAS) that eventually led to the development of
Karaoke, a Japanese term for "singing without accompaniment".
Among del Rosario's other inventions were the Trebel Voice
Color Code (VCC), the piano tuner's guide, the piano keyboard
stressing device, the voice color tape, and the one-man-band
(OMB). The OMB was later developed as the Sing-Along-System
(SAS) 22
 Rolando dela Cruz
Eduardo San Juan
He developed an ingenuous formula that
inventor of the Lunar Rover, or more popularly known as could easily remove deeply grown moles or
the Moon Buggy. The Moon Buggy was the car used by warts from the skin without leaving marks or
Neil Armstrong and other astronauts when they first hurting the patient.
explored the moon in 1969.

Daniel Dingel
Dr. Virgilio Malang Dingel built a car reactor that uses electricity from a 12-volt car
battery to split the ordinary tap water into hydrogen and oxygen
He won a gold medal for his invention "Psidium components. The hydrogen can then be used to power the car
Guajava Effervescing Gynecological Insert", a silver engine.
medal for his "Patient Side-Turning Hospital Bed",
and three bonze medals for his inventions "external
vaginal cleanser", "light refracting earpick", and
"broom's way of hanging" at the Seoul International
Fair in held South Korea in December 2002

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OTHER NOTABLE FILIPINO
SCIENTIST/INVENTORS
Among the other noted Filipino inventors and scientists are:
Benjamin Almeda who was acknowledged for his food-processing machine;
Teodula Afrika for nata de coco;
Ramon Agpoon for dragon fire stove;
Adriano Alfonso for cultured cement;
Laurelio Anasco for "dormitron";
Arturo Baluyot for Philippine-made airplane;
Guillermo Barredo for Maharlika water heater;
Pelagio Bautista for hydrosil;
Dr. George Camara for experiments on
teleophthalmology;
Carlos Casas, stand-alone amplifier called Voca
CDX 1001 Superamp;
Gonzalo
Rolando Catan
Cruz for
Jr.emergency
for green charcoal;
water heater; 24
Ernesto Darang for shake-and-serve nurser;
Armen Dator for magic street sweeper;
Maria Carlita Rex Doran for ampalaya solution against HIV;
Jaime Escolano for fiber-processing machine;
Pepito Fajicular for multipurpose routing machine;
Leonardo Gasendo for salt evaporator;
Ramon Gustilo for artificial bone replacement systems;
Oscar Ibarra for studies on algorithm and computing;
Samuel Ignacio for early warning device for vehicles;
Marc Loinaz for one-chip video camera;
Jacinto Ledesma for rocking dental chair;
Cipriano Lim for safety switch box;
Dr. E. V. Macalalag Jr. for universal urinary stone
solvent;
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Antonio Madrid for charcoal furnace;
Felix Maramba for coconut oil-fueled power generator;
Jose Navato for digital fever detector;
Francisco Quisumbing for Quink pen ink;
Jose Rodriguez for research on leprosy;
Felipe Santillan for rotary dryer;
Cornelio Seno for "Pressure Fluid
Machine";
Manuel Silos for siloscope;
Juanito Simon for Tribotech;
Camilo Tabalba for telephone
electronic;
Ned Teves for endotracheal tube
cardiac monitor;
Juan Urbano for fountain pen;
Carmen Velasquez for research on 27
 SCIENCE EDUCATION
IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is trying its best to improve the state of science education in the country. One of the strategies
is to establish science schools that will encourage students to pursue their career in science and technology and
to nurture their gifted potentials in science.

The Concept of Science Education Science education focuses on teaching, learning, and understanding science.
Teaching science involves developing ways on how to effectively teach science. This means exploring
pedagogical theories and models in helping teachers teach scientific concepts and processes effectively.
Learning science includes both pedagogy and the most interesting aspect, which is helping students understand
and love science.
Understanding science implies developing and applying science-process skills and using science literacy in
understanding the natural world and activities in everyday life.

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Importance of Science Education
Science education is justified by the vast amount of scientific knowledge
developed in this area that prepares citizens in a scientifically and
technologically driven world.

Science education provides skills and knowledge that are necessary for a
person to live in what Knight (1986) describes as the age of science and to
develop a citizenry that will meet the goals of science in the society
(Tilghman, 2005).

Therefore, developing a SCIENCE CULTURE is an immense responsibility for

schools.

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Science Education in BASIC and TERTIARY Education
BASIC EDUCATION

Science education helps students learn important concepts and facts that are related to
everyday life including important skills such as: process skills, critical thinking skills, and life
skills that are needed in coping up with daily life activities (Chaille & Britain, 2002).

Science education also develops positive attitudes such: love for knowledge, passion for
innovative things, curiosity to study about nature, and creativity (Lind, 1997).
Science education will develop a strong foundation for studying science and for considering
science-related careers in the future. This is an investment for the country to develop a
scientifically cultured and literate citizenry.

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TERTIARY EDUCATION

Deals with developing students’ understanding and appreciation of science ideas and scientific
works. This is done through offering basic science courses in the General Education curriculum. It
also focuses on the preparation of science teachers, scientists, engineers and other professionals in
various science-related fields such as engineering, agriculture, medicine and health sciences. The
state also provides scholarships to encourage more students to pursue science courses

The subject Science and Health is taught in

Science education deals with the teaching and learning of Grade I with longer time compared to
science and in helping the public develop science literacy. This other subjects 70 minutes for Grade I – III
is important in the promotion and development of science and and 80 minutes for Grade IV to VI.
technology in the country. Science education deals with the Curriculum also utilizes different
development of people in science, which is the heart of instructional approaches that address
science, technology and society the learning styles and needs of the
learners like the use of investigatory
projects.

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The K to 12 Science Curriculum aims to develop scientifically, technologically, and
environmentally literate and productive members of the society. Likewise, the science
curriculum aims to develop learners who are critical thinkers, problem solvers,
responsible keepers of the environment, innovative, creative, informed decision makers,
and effective communicators (DepEd Science Curriculum Guide, 2013).

The science curriculum is designed around the three domains:

(1) understanding and applying scientific knowledge in different contexts,
(2) employing scientific processes and skills, and
(3) exhibiting scientific attitudes and values. Table 1 shows that different skills that
should be developed in the science curriculum.

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 SELECTED INDIGENOUS
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGIES

FILIPINOS, ESPECIALLY THEY ALSO DEVELOPED THIS SYSTEM OF

DURING THE EARLY ALTERNATIVE IDEAS IN KNOWLEDGE IS CALLED
TIMES, TRIED TO INVENT EXPLAINING VARIOUS INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE,
TOOLS THAT WILL HELP PHENOMENA AND IN WHICH IS THE
THEM IN EVERYDAY LIFE EXPLAINING THE FOUNDATION OF
WORLD AROUND THEM INDIGENOUS SCIENCE
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WHAT IS INDIGENOUS
KNOWLEDGE?
• Refers to the understandings, skills and philosophies developed
by societies with long histories of interaction with their natural
surroundings. For rural and indigenous people

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

• Embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or
local communities.
• Orally passed.
• Evident in stories, poems, and songs

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 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE THAT ARE
TAUGHT AND PRACTICE BY INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE
• Predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing
animal’s behaviour and celestial bodies.
• Using herbal medicines.
• Preserving foods.
• Classifying plants and animals into families and groups.
• Preserving and selecting good seeds for planting.
• Using indigenous technology in daily lives.
• Building local irrigation systems
• Classifying different types of soil for planting.
• Producing wines and juices from tropical fruits.
• Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables.
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REFERENCE

SERAFICA, J. ET.AL. (2018). SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY. REX

PRINTING COMPANY, INC., FIRST EDITION, 2018.

SCIENCE, TECNHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING

HTTPS://K12.STARBOOKS.PH/PLUGINFILE.PHP/10351/MOD_RESOURCE/CONTENT/3/IN
DEX.HTML

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THANK
YOU
Mirjam Nilsson
206-555-0146
mirjam@contoso.com
www.contoso.com