Composing clear

and coherent
sentences using
perfect aspects
of verbs : Past
Perfect Aspect
Compose a sentence in
simple past tense of
what you have done
during your lunch break.
Arrange the words to form the
correct sentence.

early after Mel went favorite

teleserye to bed she had
watched her.
What is the correct order of the
words to form a sentence?

- Mel went to bed early after she

had watched her favorite
teleserye.
Past Perfect tense helps us talk
about an action that happened
before another action in the past.
For example:

"I had finished my homework

before dinner."
Past Progressive Aspect-
indicates two kinds of past
action
• a continuing action in the past
• an action occurring at the same
time in the past as another
action
Past Progressive Aspect -
It is used for an action in
the past that
was completed before
another action took place.
Ex. The children picked the
guavas that had fallen on the
ground.
Notice that either the subject is
singular or plural, ‘had’ is used
before the past participle form
of the verb.
Past Progressive Aspect -
The aspect of a verb
expresses a complete
action.
Use Past Progressive
Aspect in a sentence.
Past Progressive
Aspect is formed by
had + past participle
of the verb.
Examples:
1. Mel went to bed early after
she had watchedher favorite
teleserye.
2. The children picked the
guavas that had fallenon the
ground.
Examples:
1. Mel went to bed early after she had
watchedher favorite teleserye.
2. The children picked the guavas that had
fallenon the ground.

The verbs used are in the past perfect. It is

used for an action in the past that
was completed before another action took
place. Notice that either the subject is
singular or plural, ‘had’ is used before the
past participle form of the verb.
Compose clear and
coherent sentences
using past progressive
aspect. (5 sentences)
Form: The Present Progressive tense is
formed using the verb "to be" (am/is/are) +
the base form of the main verb + -ing.

I am reading a book.
She is playing soccer with her friends.
They are studying for their science test.
The boy is helping the teacher.
The learners are dancing gracefully.
 ANSWER

NEXT

What is the clipped word of “application”?

app cation
lication Appli
 ANSWER

NEXT

What is the clipped word of “ALLIGATOR”?

Alli gator
ator Alligat
 ANSWER

NEXT

What is the clipped word of “INFLUENZA”?

Flu enza
Influe Fluen
 ANSWER

NEXT

What is the clipped word of “Telephone”?

phone Tele
Telecom Ephone
 ANSWER

NEXT

What is the clipped word of “DORMITORY”?

dorm mitory
dormi Dtory
•Complete the sentences below
with the correct present
progressive aspect.
•I _____ (eat) lunch.
•He _____ (play) video games.
•We _____ (go) to the park.

•Compose clear and coherent

sentences using present
progressive aspect. (5 sentences)
•To give you
better idea about
clipped words,
you need to be
familiar with its
different types.
•Back clipping,
Fore clipping, and
Middle Clipping
 Types of Clipping Read
and understand the
meaning of each type.
Fore clipping– Middle
Back clipping– Clipping–Only
Only the last part
Only the first part the middle part
of the word
of the word is left
intact. Examples:
remains. of the word
Examples: phone stands.
bra (brassiere)
(telephone) gator Example: * flu
app (application)
(alligator) (influenza)
•How do you use
clipping in your
daily lives as a
student?
What are three common types of clipping?

back clipping,

fore clipping, and

middle clipping.
What type of clipping are applied in the following words?

Application – App BC

crocodile – croc BC

Influenza – flue MC

Telephone – phone FC

Dormitory – dorm BC
Directions: Read each sentence and infer
the meaning to identify the original word
and give its clipped word and write the
type of clipping. Choose the original
word on the box. Follow the example on
the table below.
Ex. a person who tries to find a way
to change ordinary metals into
gold and to find a medicine which
would cure any disease.
1. a large room containing many beds, especially in a
boarding school or university
2. pants that have a drawstring or elastic waist that are
worn especially for exercise.
3. a piece of kitchen equipment which uses electricity to
preserve food at a cold temperature
4. a short-written report prepared specially for a person or
group of people which contains information
5. a motorway which you usually have to pay to use
Using Complex Sentences
to Show Dependent
Clauses and Independent
Clauses
Study these sentences which you
already encountered in the previous
activities.
1. The Earth’s ground shakes because
tectonic plates rub together.
2. When the water on the surface of
the earth is displaced, a wave is
created.
Have you noticed how the word
structure of all the causes were
written?
If you erase all the connected
effects, will they stand on their own
as a sentence?
Let us look at these groups of words
when the effects are removed can
they stand on their own as a
sentence?
1. Because tectonic plates rub
together
2. When the water on the surface of
the earth is displaced
These groups of words cannot be considered
as sentences since they don’t have a
complete meaning and they cannot stand on
their own. They need the omitted parts to
become complete sentences. These group of
words are called dependent clauses.
Examine the groups of words that represent the
effect. Do these groups of words have a complete
meaning? Can they stand as a sentence on their
own even without the causes added to them?
1. The Earth’s ground shakes.
2. A wave is created.
These groups of words that have a complete
meaning are called independent clauses
An effective way to link cause and
effect ideas is by means of
complex sentences. A complex
sentence consists of one
independent clause and at least
one dependent clause. These
clauses are joined by subordinate
conjunctions to show clear and
precise relationship.
 Why is it important to learn about
dependent and independent clause?

learning about dependent and independent clauses is essential

for effective communication, grammar, sentence structure,
concise writing, effective expression, reading comprehension,
writing style, improved vocabulary, enhanced creativity, and
building blocks for complex sentences.
When a dependent clause and an
independent clause are
combined, they form
a complex sentence.
Using the following Complex Sentences underline the
Dependent Clauses and encircle the Independent Clauses
1.I like reading books because it's fun.
2.The sun is shining when we're on vacation.
3.My favorite subject is math because I'm good at it.
4.We are going to the park if the weather is good.
5.She loves playing soccer because she's very fast.
6.The dog is barking loudly because it's scared of the noise.
7.We will have a party tonight if my mom says it's okay.
8.The cat is sleeping on the couch while the TV is on.
9.I'm excited for the holiday because we get to spend time
with family.
10.The teacher gave us homework because we missed a class.
Using Complex Sentences to
Show Dependent Clauses and
Independent Clauses joined
by subordinate conjunctions
to show clear and precise
relationship
Read the sentences
1. I didn't study for the test because I was too busy playing
video games.
2. I went to the park as soon as I got home from school.
3. I practiced my piano in order that I could play the concert
well.
4. I haven't been feeling well since I ate the spoiled food.
5. She is very shy although she is very smart.
6. The new policy was implemented as a result of the
company's financial struggles.
7. I am studying English so that I can communicate with my
friends who live abroad.
What do you think are the words used to join
the independent to a dependent clause?

The words because, as, in order that,

since, although as a result and so that are
used to join the independent to a
dependent clause.
A subordinate conjunction, also known
as a subordinating conjunction, is a type
of conjunction that introduces a
dependent clause, which cannot stand
alone as a complete sentence.
Subordinate conjunctions connect the
dependent clause to an independent
clause, forming a complex sentence.
Subordinate conjunctions typically introduce
a dependent clause that provides additional
information, such as:
Time: when, while, until, before
Cause and effect: because, since, as
Contrast: although, though
Condition: if, unless
Purpose: in order that, so that
Concession: although
Result: as a result
Here are some examples of subordinate conjunctions:

 When (introducing a time clause)

When I finish my homework, I will go to bed.
 Because (introducing a cause-and-effect clause)
I didn't study for the test because I was tired.
 Although (introducing a contrasting clause)
Although it was raining, we still went to the park.
 If (introducing a conditional clause)
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
 In order that (introducing a purpose clause)
I am studying English in order that I can communicate with
my friends who live abroad.
 As (introducing a cause-and-effect clause)
As I got older, I became more responsible.
 Since (introducing a time clause)
Since I have been feeling unwell, I have been
taking medication.
 Unless (introducing a conditional clause)
Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
 So that (introducing a purpose clause)
I am saving money so that I can travel to Europe
next year.
Why is it important to learn about
subordinate conjunctions?

Subordinate conjunctions help to create more

complex and interesting sentences by linking
dependent clauses to independent clauses.
They are essential in written and spoken
communication to convey nuanced ideas and
relationships between ideas.