THESIS STATEMENT &

OUTLINE READING
TEXT
English for Academic and Professional Purposes Quarter 1: Module 2
MELCS:
1. States the thesis statement of an
academic text (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-Ia-c-6)
2. Outlines reading texts in various
disciplines (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-
Ia-c-8)
OBJECTIVES
1. State the thesis statements of an academic text.
2. Define and differentiate between thesis and
thesis statement.
3. Determine the characteristics, elements, and
types of thesis statements and where they can
be found.
4. Write thesis statements based on given
passages.
5. Create an outline for texts from various
disciplines.
 Thesis Statement
is the controlling idea that you will
develop in your paper. This can be
found usually at the end of an
introduction. A thesis statement can be
one sentence. However, if necessary, it
can also be two or three sentences.
Thesis Statement
◦A thesis statement is a sentence used in an
essay that serves as the guide for the essay
and directly answers the question or task
asked of you.
◦An essay must have a main point, main idea
or central message. There are other specific
arguments in it and they should support or
reflect the main idea and such main point or
central message is the thesis. It is written as
Thesis Statement
A thesis statement is a sentence used in an essay
that serves as the guide for the essay and directly
answers the question or task asked of you. An essay
must have a main point, main idea or central
message. There are other specific arguments in it and
they should support or reflect the main idea and such
main point or central message is the thesis. It is
written as the thesis statement. Remember a thesis
statement is simply a factual statement nor is not just
a topic sentence. It has to be noted that the thesis
statement is also considered the main idea.
 Thesis vs Thesis Statement
Thesis Thesis Statement
Social media has
The impact of social revolutionized modern
media on modern communication by making it
communication. more instantaneous and
interactive, but it has also led
to decreased face-to-face
interactions and increased
issues with privacy.
 Thesis vs Thesis Statement
Thesis Thesis Statement
The effects of climate Climate change has led
change. to more extreme
weather events, which
have caused significant
economic damage and
public health issues
globally.
Characteristics of a Thesis
Statement
A thesis statement has the
following characteristics:
A. It addresses the prompt clearly.
B. It makes a claim or presents an
argument
C. It may be arguable if the thesis an
opinion.
Elements of a Thesis
Statement
1. Topic. The topic of your paper.
2. Argument/Claim. This depends on the
type of paper you are writing. If it is an
argumentative paper, then this should
express your opinion. If it is a research or
explanatory paper, this should explain the
purpose of your paper.
3. Evidence. The support for your
argument/claim.
 If you already have
these three elements,
you can combine them
to create your thesis
statement.
Example 1:
(argumentative)
1. Topic – The Harry Potter book series
2. Argument – stole many fantastical
elements from The Lord of the Rings series
3. Evidence – giant spiders, dangerous
hooded undead creatures (Dementors and
Nazgul), and a wise mentor.
 The Harry Potter book series stole
many fantastical elements from the Lord
of the Rings series. Some of the uncanny
similarities include giant spiders,
dangerous hooded undead creatures,
and a wise mentor that the hero must
learn to survive without.
Example 2:
(Research/explanatory)
1. Topic – Cheese
2. Argument – has healthy tendencies
3. Evidence – calcium helps bones and teeth,
boosts the growth of good bacteria in the
gut, and the protein helps cells repair
themselves
 Research has shown that cheese
has healthy tendencies because its
calcium provides necessary
nutrients for the growth of bone and
teeth, it boosts the growth of food
bacteria in the gut, and it has
protein that helps cells repair
themselves.
Activity 1:
For each of the following thesis
statements, identify the topic, the
argument (the
opinion/explanation), and if
applicable, the supporting
evidence or reasons.
Example:
Cell phone use while driving should be
banned, for it creates an unsafe environment not
only for drivers using cell phones but also for
other people in nearby vehicles.
TOPIC: Cell phone use while driving
OPINION: should be banned,
REASONS OR SUPPORTING EVIDENCE:
for it creates an unsafe environment not only
for drivers using them but also for other people in
nearby vehicles.
1. Pornography is harmful to society because it depersonalizes
and dehumanizes sexuality and it is degrading and
oppressive to women.
2. Violent video games should be made illegal, for it might incite
some people to commit violent acts.
3. An after-school job can be harmful to teenagers as working
not only reduces opportunities for social and recreational
time but also takes time valuable time away from
schoolwork.
4. Marijuana should be legalized since legalization would
eliminate the black market for that drug.
5. Welfare benefits for single mothers should not be eliminated,
for the benefits are needed to prevent hunger and poverty
among our country’s most helpless citizens—our children.
Where can we find the
thesis statement/main idea?
There are five (5) ways on how
thesis statement or main idea can be
written or developed: these are
inductive, deductive, inductive-
deductive, deductive–inductive and
hinted.
1. Inductive
a writing method which starts from
particular to general; this means that
specific details are presented at the
first part of the text and conclusions or
generalizations are placed at the end
of the text.
Example
The typical Filipino is short, brown, flat-nosed. He
cannot live without his rice but he isn’t allergic to
bread, arroz a la valenciana, pancit, and spaghetti. He
educates his youth in foreign languages; furnishes his
home with G.E., Hoover, RCA; apes the latest fashion
from New York and Paris; argues in world for a in
almost flawless English. His Zalameda is almost a
Parisiene by now, and his Villa has found his home in
America. Indeed, the Filipino maybe Oriental in looks
but Occidental in more ways than one.
Example
The typical Filipino is short, brown, flat-nosed. He
cannot live without his rice but he isn’t allergic to
bread, arroz a la valenciana, pancit, and spaghetti. He
educates his youth in foreign languages; furnishes his
home with G.E., Hoover, RCA; apes the latest fashion
from New York and Paris; argues in world for a in
almost flawless English. His Zalameda is almost a
Parisiene by now, and his Villa has found his home in
America. Indeed, the Filipino maybe Oriental in
looks but Occidental in more ways than one.
2. Deductive
the opposite of induction; this
writing method starts from general
to
specific, which means that
conclusions are presented first
before presenting the support ideas
or the specific details.
Example
There are many kinds of movie “pests”. There are the
story tellers who have developed the habit of seeing the
movie in two sittings so that they can inform the latecomers
what happens next. There are the nutcrackers who have to
munch something- peanuts, walnuts, popcorn, or anything
else that can spoil one’s fun. There are the mimics who are
Tarzans one minute, Madonnas the next, and the Incredible
Hulks later. There are the mother hens who are accompanied
by a squadron of “retazos” or “chikitings” whose noise can
drive one crazy. And lastly, there are the wandering Jews who
can’t make up their minds where to sit and can’t stay put in
one place!
Example
There are many kinds of movie “pests”. There are
the story tellers who have developed the habit of seeing the
movie in two sittings so that they can inform the latecomers
what happens next. There are the nutcrackers who have to
munch something- peanuts, walnuts, popcorn, or anything
else that can spoil one’s fun. There are the mimics who are
Tarzans one minute, Madonnas the next, and the Incredible
Hulks later. There are the mother hens who are accompanied
by a squadron of “retazos” or “chikitings” whose noise can
drive one crazy. And lastly, there are the wandering Jews who
can’t make up their minds where to sit and can’t stay put in
one place!
3. Deductive-Inductive
a combination of the first two methods;
this pattern starts from a general
statement, proceeds in discussing specific
details in the middle of the text, and ends
with a recapitulation of the generalized
statement at the end. Usually, this
repeated general statement becomes an
“intensifier” of the idea presented at the
beginning of the text.
 Example
The growing army of the homeless continues to clutter Philippine
cities in spite of demolitions of shanties and repeated warnings from the
government. And these squatters fight tooth and nail in order to survive.
As with Egypt’s fellahins and Calcutta’s bustees, the same fight is being
waged against hunger, disease and ignorance every single day of the
year. Indeed in the slums of the 3rd world as in the Ghettos in the United
States of America and France, a daily battle for the pitifully simple but
basic necessities of life goes on. In Mexico’s El Troche, for example, life
dehumanizes its unfortunate peasant migrants called paracaidistas
(paratroopers). El Troche’s inhabitant crowd into dingy, single-room,
windowless shacks called jacales for the night, use undergrowths of trees
for toilets, and their front doorsteps for garbage, where pigs wait to
gobble them up. Even affluent France has her share of homelessness and
poverty – the poorest of her poor sleeping under cardboard sheeting, or
hips of rags, alleyways, empty warehouses and construction sites.
 Example
The growing army of the homeless continues to clutter Philippine
cities in spite of demolitions of shanties and repeated warnings from the
government. And these squatters fight tooth and nail in order to survive.
As with Egypt’s fellahins and Calcutta’s bustees, the same fight is being
waged against hunger, disease and ignorance every single day of the
year. Indeed in the slums of the 3rd world as in the Ghettos in the
United States of America and France, a daily battle for the
pitifully simple but basic necessities of life goes on. In Mexico’s El
Troche, for example, life dehumanizes its unfortunate peasant migrants
called paracaidistas (paratroopers). El Troche’s inhabitant crowd into
dingy, single-room, windowless shacks called jacales for the night, use
undergrowths of trees for toilets, and their front doorsteps for garbage,
where pigs wait to gobble them up. Even affluent France has her share of
homelessness and poverty – the poorest of her poor sleeping under
cardboard sheeting, or hips of rags, alleyways, empty warehouses and
4. Inductive-Deductive
a combination of the two
previous methods; this pattern
starts from specific, presents a
generalized statement or
conclusion at the middle and
proceeds in discussing additional
information or support details
 Example
Flowers occupy a very important role in man’s life. He beautifies
his home with the loveliest daisies, welcomes a visitor with the sweetest
leis, conveys his congratulations with sprays of orchids. He gladdens his
sick friends with the daintiest carnations, offers his prayers with the
purest lilies, says “remember me” with the most fragile pansies. when
man is dumb with emotions, flowers speak out what his lips cannot.
poets find inspiration in dancing daffodils; painters capture the beauty of
a woodland orchid with their brushes; composers immortalize the roses,
gardenias, and sampaguitas in their songs. The story of love is in every
petal of a forget-me-not, and the fairness of a maiden is in every violet
almost hidden from the eye. Indeed, man is born and welcomed in to this
world with bouquets of flowers; to commemorate his birthday with the
fragrant nosegay, says “I love you” with a red, red rose, marries with
orange blossoms scenting the air, and finally dies with the wreath of
flowers in his grave!
 Example
Flowers occupy a very important role in man’s life. He
beautifies his home with the loveliest daisies, welcomes a visitor with the
sweetest leis, conveys his congratulations with sprays of orchids. He
gladdens his sick friends with the daintiest carnations, offers his prayers
with the purest lilies, says “remember me” with the most fragile pansies.
when man is dumb with emotions, flowers speak out what his lips
cannot. poets find inspiration in dancing daffodils; painters capture the
beauty of a woodland orchid with their brushes; composers immortalize
the roses, gardenias, and sampaguitas in their songs. The story of love is
in every petal of a forget-me-not, and the fairness of a maiden is in every
violet almost hidden from the eye. Indeed, man is born and
welcomed in to this world with bouquets of flowers; to
commemorate his birthday with the fragrant nosegay, says “I love you”
with a red, red rose, marries with orange blossoms scenting the air, and
finally dies with the wreath of flowers in his grave!
5. Hinted/Implied
the most different among the
methods; this pattern does NOT
directly present a generalized
statement or conclusion, which means
that the writer leaves it to the
audience to conclude and make
generalized statements about the
 Example
I sank into the first chair at the entrance hall proffered to me
by an unsmiling guard. I waited as he checked his list of expected
visitors, after which he pressed a button in front of his desk and a
voice came through. They talked in whispers. I was asked to
present my I.D., and the guard looked me over, looked at my I.D.
and he smiled this time. He motioned me to enter but not until I
surrendered my I.D. to him, and in return he gave me a Visitor’s
I.D. to wear instead. The same ritual took place at the entrance to
the building itself; but this time another guard asked me to open
my bag for inspection. I was asked to walk through an X-ray type of
gadget; and since no sound came through, I was finally given the
nod to enter. “So this is Malacañang Social Hall”, I muttered to
myself, as I joined the others already seated in immaculate white
covered chairs.
Thesis Statement
In the meticulous and formal process
of entering the Malacañang Social Hall,
the experience of security protocols and
identity verification underscores the
significance of order and control in high-
profile venues, reflecting a blend of
rigorous procedure and ceremonial
formality.
EXERCISES
IDENTIFY THE METHOD OF
PARAGRAPH
DEVELOPMENT
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
1. You find the thesis statement at the middle of
the paragraph.
2. There is no found thesis statement.
3. The thesis statement is found at the
beginning of the paragraph
4. The thesis statement is located at the end.
5. It’s possible to find the thesis statement at
the start and at the end.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
Physical activity is known to have positive
effects on mental health. Exercise stimulates the
production of brain chemicals that elevate mood,
such as endorphins. It also reduces anxiety and
stress, creating a sense of relaxation. Given
these effects, people who engage in regular
physical exercise are likely to experience
improved mental health.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
Physical activity is known to have positive
effects on mental health. Exercise stimulates
the production of brain chemicals that elevate
mood, such as endorphins. It also reduces
anxiety and stress, creating a sense of
relaxation. Given these effects, people who
engage in regular physical exercise are likely to
experience improved mental health.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
People who engage in physical exercise report
improved mental health, including reduced anxiety
and depression. Studies show that exercise promotes
the release of mood-enhancing brain chemicals like
endorphins. These findings suggest that there is a
direct relationship between physical activity and
mental well-being. Therefore, incorporating exercise
into daily life is essential for maintaining mental
health.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
People who engage in physical exercise report
improved mental health, including reduced anxiety
and depression. Studies show that exercise promotes
the release of mood-enhancing brain chemicals like
endorphins. These findings suggest that there is
a direct relationship between physical activity
and mental well-being. Therefore, incorporating
exercise into daily life is essential for maintaining
mental health.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
After decades of research, it has become increasingly
evident that regular physical activity leads to improved
mental health. Studies show that people who exercise
regularly report lower levels of anxiety and depression.
Furthermore, exercise increases the production of
endorphins, chemicals in the brain that act as natural
painkillers and mood enhancers. Given these findings, it
can be concluded that incorporating physical activity into
daily routines can significantly boost mental well-being.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
After decades of research, it has become increasingly
evident that regular physical activity leads to improved
mental health. Studies show that people who exercise
regularly report lower levels of anxiety and depression.
Furthermore, exercise increases the production of
endorphins, chemicals in the brain that act as natural
painkillers and mood enhancers. Given these findings, it
can be concluded that incorporating physical
activity into daily routines can significantly boost
mental well-being.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
It is well known that exercise positively impacts
mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and
depression. The body produces mood-enhancing
chemicals during physical activity, which explains this
relationship. Additionally, numerous studies have
shown that people who engage in regular exercise
report better mental health. This consistent pattern
reinforces the notion that regular exercise is a crucial
factor in promoting mental well-being.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
It is well known that exercise positively impacts
mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and
depression. The body produces mood-enhancing
chemicals during physical activity, which explains this
relationship. Additionally, numerous studies have
shown that people who engage in regular exercise
report better mental health. This consistent pattern
reinforces the notion that regular exercise is a
crucial factor in promoting mental well-being.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
When we think about mental well-being, many
focus on emotional coping strategies like therapy or
mindfulness. However, some of the most effective
interventions may not come from emotional
practices but from physical habits. As research
continues to show how intertwined our physical
health is with our mental state, a hidden solution to
improved mental health may be found in our daily
routines.
 Inductive, Deductive, Inductive-
deductive, Deductive-Inductive, Hinted
When we think about mental well-being, many focus on
emotional coping strategies like therapy or mindfulness.
However, some of the most effective interventions may not
come from emotional practices but from physical habits. As
research continues to show how intertwined our physical
health is with our mental state, a hidden solution to improved
mental health may be found in our daily routines.
Thesis Statement: A hidden solution to improved mental
health may be found in our daily routines, particularly
through physical habits.
Topic Sentence
The topic sentence is different from
the thesis statement. The thesis statement
tells what the entire paper is about. It is
used to define the purpose of the paper, to
argue or to state a point. The topic
sentence, however, shows only what the
paragraph is about. It is sometimes called
the focus sentence in the paragraph.
 In academic writing, the thesis is
often explicit; it is a sentence that
forms part of the paper and it is
directly stated in the text. It may
be found in the beginning of the
work, but not always–some types of
academic writing leave the thesis
until the conclusion.
 Academic writing sometimes relies on
implicit thesis statements, as well. Implicit
denotes something that is suggested or
implied. Unlike explicit thesis statements,
the primary point of the paper is not
directly stated in the text. It is not a one-
sentence thesis statement. Instead, writers
use facts, storylines or narratives, figures
or statistics, etc. to support their opinions,
judgments and prove their stand.
Like a thesis statement, a topic
sentence makes a claim of some sort,
but unlike the thesis which is more
general, it attempts to explain only one
specific aspect of the thesis. Also, as in
the case of the thesis statement, when
the topic sentence makes a claim, the
sentences in the paragraph which follow
must explain, describe, or prove it in
some way.
A good topic sentence
◦is a complete sentence
◦can be located anywhere in the paragraph (although it is
often the first sentence)
◦accurately summarizes the main point of a paragraph in
one sentence and reflects the paragraph’s main purpose
◦serves as a contract between the reader and the writer
◦promises that the writer will stick to the idea it expresses
throughout the paragraph
◦is not too narrow and broad enough to require further
explanation or evidence
 Two parts of Topic Sentence
Racquetball is a superior sport for several
reasons.
TOPIC KEY WORDS

a game played with a small hard ball and a short-