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Chapter5 - Grade - 9 Moles

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41 views46 pages

Chapter5 - Grade - 9 Moles

Uploaded by

Maliha Asim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Counting Atoms

• Chemistry is a quantitative science - we need a


"counting unit."

• The MOLE

• 1 mole is the amount of substance that contains as


many particles (atoms or molecules) as there are in
12.0 g of C-12.
Avogadro’s Number
A MOLE of any substance contains as many elementary units (atoms and
molecules) as the number of atoms in 12 g of the isotope of carbon-12.
This number is called AVOGADRO’s number NA = 6.02 x 1023 particles/mol
The mass of one mole of a substance is called MOLAR MASS symbolized by MM
Units of MM are g/mol
Examples
H2 hydrogen 2.02 g/mol
He helium 4.0 g/mol
N2 nitrogen 28.0 g/mol
O2 oxygen 32.0 g/mol
CO2 carbon dioxide 44.0 g/mol
A Mole of Particles
A mole (mol) is a collection that contains
• The same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.01 g of
carbon.
• 6.022 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number).
1 mol C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms
1 mol CO2 = 6.022 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 1023 NaCl formula units

7
Calculate the following question
in the discussion room on
classesra
• 1. Calculate the mass of 1.5 moles of Na2O
• 2. Calculate the number of ions in 0.5 moles of Cu
• 3. Calculate the number of moles in 375g of CaCO3
• 4. Calculate the number of molecules in 15 moles of H2O
The correct answers.
1. Calculate the mass of 1.5 moles of Na2O
Mr of Na2O = 62g/mole
mass = 1.5 x 62 = 93g
2.
0.5 x (6.02 x 1023)
number of ions = 3.01 x 1023
3.
Mr of CaCO3 = 100
number of moles in CaCO3 = 375 ÷ 100 = 3.75 moles
4.
15 x (6.02 x 1023)
number of molecules of H2O90.3 x 1023 = 9.03 x 1024
Equations

REACTANTS PRODUCTS

Sodium + water sodium +


hydrogen
hydroxide

Na + H 2O NaOH + H2

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) +


H2(g)
Equations
You need to know your state
symbols

(s)= solid
(l) = liquid
(aq) = aqueous solution
(g) = gas
Equations
You also need to be able to:
• write word equations when required
• recall formulae of simple covalent
compounds
• write down formulae for simple ionic
compounds
• interpret chemical formulae of
molecules
• interpret symbol equations including
state symbols
Simple covalent formulae

Water H2O
Carbon dioxide CO2
Ammonia NH3
Hydrogen H2
Oxygen O2
Nitrogen N2
Sulphur dioxide SO2
Methane CH4
Simple Ionic Formulae
Sodium chloride NaCl
Calcium chloride CaCl2
Magnesium oxide MgO
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Nitric acid HNO3
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Potassium hydroxide KOH
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
Calcium carbonate CaCO3
Aluminium oxide Al2O3
Iron oxide Fe2O3
Writing balanced equations
The basic rule (golden rule #1)

Hydrogen + oxygen  water


H2(g) O2(g) H2O

2H 2O 2H
1O

THERE MUST BE EQUAL NUMBERS OF


ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT ON BOTH
SIDES OF THE EQUATION
Writing balanced equations
The basic rule (golden rule #1)

Hydrogen
H2(g)
+ oxygen 
O2(g)
water
H2O x
2H 2O 2H
1O

THERE MUST BE EQUAL NUMBERS OF


ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT ON BOTH
SIDES OF THE EQUATION
Writing balanced equations
The basic rule (golden rule #1)

Hydrogen + oxygen  water


2H2(g) O2(g) 2H2O

4H 2O 4H
2O

THERE MUST BE EQUAL NUMBERS OF


ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT ON BOTH
SIDES OF THE EQUATION
Writing balanced equations
The basic rule (golden rule #1)

Hydrogen + oxygen  water


2H2(g) O2(g) 2H2O

4H 2O 4H
2O

THERE MUST BE EQUAL NUMBERS OF


ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT ON BOTH
SIDES OF THE EQUATION
Writing balanced equations
FOUR important steps:
• Write a word equation for the reaction
1

• Put in the formulae for the elements or


2 compounds

• Balance the equation – put numbers in


front of the reactants and products where
3 necessary

• Complete the balanced symbol equation


4 using state symbols
Writing balanced equations
Example 2:
nitrogen + hydrogen  ammonia
1

N2 + H2  NH3
2 2 2 1 3

N2 + 3H2  2NH3
3 2 6 2 6

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3 (g)


4 2 6 2 6
Writing balanced equations
Example 1:
Magnesium + Oxygen  Magnesium oxide
1

Mg + O2  MgO
2 1 2 1 1

2Mg + O2  2MgO
3 2 2 2 2

2Mg(s) + O2(g)  2MgO(s)


4
Hydrogen burns in oxygen to form water,
what mass of oxygen is needed for 2 grams
of hydrogen and what mass of water is
obtained? (Ar for hydrogen =1 Ar for O= 16 )
Answer in the discussion room
on classera
• Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.
how many grams of oxygen reacts with 48 grams of magnesium?
( write a balance formula equation, show your work)
Discussion Room
• Question 2 page 59 in student’s book

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