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Chapter 4-The Chemistry of Life

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22 views34 pages

Chapter 4-The Chemistry of Life

Uploaded by

amojralexis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology 1

CHAPTER 4

THE
CHEMISTRY
OF LIFE
GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
ACTIVITY 2.1: Molecules Do Move

Biology 1
OBJECTIVE:
• Demonstrate how diffusion takes place
• Realize the application of diffusion in acquiring nutrients

Materials: Timer and Perfume

Procedure:
1. With your classmates, stand on different locations inside the classroom. Make sure
that you are evenly apart
2. Your teacher will spray the perfume inside the room. When you first smell the scent,
raise your hand.
3. Take note of the time it took for your other classmates to smell the scent, their
locations in the room, and their distances from the teacher. Write down your
observations.
ACTIVITY 2.1: Molecules Do Move

Biology 1
Hypothesis:

Results and interpretations:


STUDENTS NAME TIME IT TOOK TO SMELL THE SCENT DISTANCE FROM THE TEACHER
(S) (m)

CONCLUSION:
What is an
element?
the simplest
form of a
substance found
in the body Biology 1
What is
compound?
made up of two or
more elements that
are chemically joined
together

Biology 1
Biology 1
ELEMENT

COMPOUND

classified as

Inorganic Organic
Compound Compound
INORGANIC ORGANIC
COMPOUND COMPOUND
• Water • Proteins
• Acids (Amino acids)
• Carbohydrates
• Bases
(Monosaccharides)
• Salts
• Lipids
• Carbon Dioxide
(Fatty acids &
Glycerol)
• Nucleic Acids
•
7 MAJOR •
Carbon
Hydrogen
ELEMENTS • Oxygen
make up 98-99% of the • Nitrogen
weights of all living system
• Phosphorus
• Sulfur
• Calcium
Biology 1
• silicon Elements can
• chlorine be found in
• manganese little amounts
• cobalt in living organisms

• copper
Biology 1

• zinc
ELEMENTS
cannot be broken down into other
substances by ordinary chemical
reactions

What will happen in your body if


it is lack certain elements or
minerals?
How do
chemicals
affect the
human
body?
ORGANIC COMPOUND
-contain carbon-
COMPOUND hydrogen (C-H)
made up of two or
bonds,
more elements that
are chemically joined
together INORGANIC COMPOUND
- do not have carbon-
hydrogen (C-H) bonds
Biology 1
INORGANIC COMPOUND
Water: Universal & Versatile
Solvent
Solution
composed of
: solute & solvent

• substance that • dissolving


is dissolved agent
Biological
solvent
High heat
Water:
Universal capacity
High heat of
and Versatile vaporization
High heat of
Solvent
fusion
Medium for chemical and
physical processes
Means of
Biological High heat capacity
• abilitysolvent
to dissolve many • helps in maintaining
substances, including a constant body
essential molecules in
temperature
the body
High heat of High heat of fusion
vaporization • helps an organism
• helps in preventing to prevent from
dehydration in an freezing at low
organism
temperature
Medium for chemical Means of transport
and physical
• serve as a
processes
• serve as a place for transporter in the
exchanging gases and
distribution of
nutrients and elimination
nutrients
process
Water content in…
• brain and heart – 73%
• lungs - 83%
• skin – 64%
• muscle and kidney -
79%
• bones – 31%
Biology 1
Inorganic Compound
ACIDS
• taste sour
• change the color of certain
indicators (turn litmus paper
into red)
• promote chemical reaction
Inorganic Compound
BASES
• accept hydrogen ions
• bitter taste
• slippery
• turn red litmus paper into blue
ELECTROLYTES
• known as salt or ions that
conduct electricity to our
body

• ions can be classified as


cations and anions

• important since
Biology 1

maintaining voltage in the


cell membrane
CARBON DIOXIDE
• essential for
plants for
photosynthesis
• one of the raw
materials to
produce glucose
Enzyme – A Catalyst

Biology 1
These are proteins that help
speed up metabolism, or the
chemical reactions in our
bodies. They build some
substances and break others
down.
SUBSRTATE

Biology 1
a molecule that an enzyme
reacts with. The enzyme's
active site is loaded with a
substrate or the location
where weak bonds between
the two molecules can form.
Lock and Key
Model Enzyme
• proposed by Emil
Fischer in 1894

Biology 1
Enzyme and the substrate
possess specific
complementary geometric
shapes that fit exactly into
one another.
Lock and Key
Enzymes are highly
specific
Model Enzyme
must bind to a specific
Biology 1

substrate before they can


catalyze a chemical
Induced Fit

Biology 1
Model Enzyme

• proposed by Daniel
Koshland in 1958
states a substrate binds to an active
site and both change shape slightly,
creating an ideal fit for catalysis
Induced Fit
Model
Enzymes promote chemical reactions
by bringing substrates together in an
Enzyme
optimal orientation, thus creating an
ideal chemical environment for the
reaction to occurs

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