HISTORY OF

COMPUTERS
Reporters:
Love Joy M. Rojas
Jessa Demateo
Angella Versales
Ryan Jay Simbahon
Why were computer created?
The computer was born not for entertainment or email but out of a need to
solve a serious number-crunching crisis.
1880 - the U.S. population had grown so large that it took
more than seven years to tabulate the
U.S. Census results.

Analytical Engine - that the first digital

computer in the world, which embodied in
its mechanical and logical details just about
every major principle of the modern digital
computer, was designed as early as in
1830s.
Charles Babbage (father of computing)
Henry Babbage • It is a machine that calculate the numerical
value or values of any formula or function of
which the mathematician can indicate the
method of solution.
• perform the ordinary rules of arithmetic
• It is to be automatic, the slave of the
mathematician, carrying out his orders and
relieving him from the drudgery of
computing.
In 1801, In France, Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom that uses
punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs.
In 1890
• Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880
census.
• He establishes a company that would ultimately become IBM.
In 1936
Alan Turing presents the notion of a universal machine
capable of computing anything that is computable.
Turing Machine
In 1941
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, design a computer that
can solve 29 equations simultaneously. This marks the Atanasoff-Berry
first time a computer is able to store information on Computer
its main memory.
In 1943-1944
John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, build the Electronic Numerical
ENIAC
Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). Considered the grandfather of digital
computers, it fills a 20-foot by 40-foot room and has 18,000 vacuum
tubes.
In 1946 - the first commercial computer for
business and government applications was UNIVAC
build

In 1947, William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter

Brattain of Bell Laboratories invent the transistor.
They discovered how to make an electric switch with
solid materials and no need for a vacuum.
In 1953, Grace Hopper develops the first computer language
COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)
• is a high-level programming language for business applications.
• It was the first popular language designed to be operating system-agnostic and is still in use
in many financial and business applications today.
• was designed for business computer programs in industries such as finance and human
resources.
• uses English words and phrases to make it easier for ordinary business users to
understand.
• became one of the most used programming languages in the world.
In 1954

FORTRAN( Formula Translation)

 was the first important algorithmic language designed in 1957 by an IBM team led by John
Backus that shortened the process of programming and made computer programming more
accessible.
 It was intended for scientific computations with real numbers and collections of them
organized as one- or multidimensional arrays.
• In 1958, Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated
circuit, known as the computer chip. An integrated circuit,
or IC, is small chip that can function as an amplifier,
oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer
memory.

• In 1964, Douglas Engelbart shows a prototype of the

modern computer, with a mouse and a graphical user
interface (GUI).

• In 1969, A group of developers at Bell Labs produce UNIX,

an operating system that addressed compatibility issues.
Written in the C programming language, UNIX was
portable across multiple platforms and became the
operating system of choice among mainframes.

• In 1970, The newly formed Intel unveils the Intel 1103, the
first Dynamic Access Memory (DRAM) chip.
• In 1971, Alan Shugart leads a team of IBM engineers who
invent the "floppy disk," allowing data to be shared among
computers. A floppy disk is a magnetic storage medium for
computer systems.

• In 1973, Robert Metcalfe, a member of the research staff for

Xerox, develops Ethernet for connecting multiple computers
and other hardware.

• In 1975, The January issue of Popular Electronics magazine

features the Altair 8080, described as the "world's first
minicomputer kit to rival commercial models." Two "computer
geeks," Paul Allen and Bill Gates, offer to write software for the
Altair, using 9 the new BASIC language. The Altair 8800 was
one of the first computers available for personal use.

• In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers

on April Fool's Day and roll out the Apple I, the first computer
with a single-circuit board, according to Stanford University.
• In 1977, Jobs and Wozniak incorporate Apple and show the
Apple II at the first West Coast Computer Faire.

• In 1978, Accountants rejoice at the introduction of

VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet program.

• In 1979, Word processing became a reality as MicroPro

International released WordStar.

• In 1981, The first IBM personal computer, code-named

"Acorn," is introduced. It uses Microsoft's MS-DOS
operating system.

• In 1983, Apple's Lisa is the first personal computer with a

GUI.
 Microsoft releases Windows, and Commodore releases the
Amiga 1000, both in response to Apple's GUI. The first dot-
198
com domain name is registered, marking the beginning of
5
the internet.
Compaq releases the Deskpro 386, a landmark IBM PC-
1986 compatible computer that takes the lead in the PC
ecosystem.

Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML, giving rise to the World

199 Wide Web.
0

1993 The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics

and music on PCs.

PCs become gaming machines with popular titles like

"Command & Conquer," "Alone in the Dark 2," "Theme
1994
Park," "Magic Carpet," "Descent," and "Little Big
Adventure."
 Sergey Brin and Larry Page develop the Google search
199
engine at Stanford University.
6
Microsoft invests $150 million in Apple, which was
struggling at the time. This investment ends Apple's court
1997 case against Microsoft, where Apple alleged that Microsoft
copied the "look and feel" of its operating system.

The term Wi-Fi becomes part of the computing language,

199 allowing users to connect to the internet without wires.
9

Apple unveils Mac OS X, a new operating system that

2001 provides protected memory architecture and pre-emptive
multitasking, among other benefits.

AMD's Athlon 64, the first 64-bit processor, becomes

2003
available to the consumer market.
 Mozilla's Firefox 1.0 challenges Microsoft's Internet
200 Explorer, the dominant web browser. Facebook, a social
4 networking site, launches.

YouTube, a video-sharing service, is founded. Google

2005 acquires Android, a Linux-based mobile phone operating
system.

Apple introduces the MacBook Pro, its first Intel-based,

200 dual-core mobile computer, along with an Intel-based Mac.
6 Nintendo's Wii game console hits the market.

2007 The iPhone brings many computer functions to the

smartphone.

Microsoft launches Windows 7, offering the ability to pin

2009 applications to the taskbar and advancements in touch and
handwriting recognition.
 Apple unveils
the iPad, Google
changing the releases the
Chromebook, a Apple releases
way consumers
laptop that the Apple
view media Facebook gains
runs the Watch.
and 1 billion users
Google Chrome Microsoft
supplementing on October 4.
OS. - 2012: releases
the dominant
Facebook gains Windows 10.
tablet
computer 1 billion users
segment. on October 4.

2010 2011 2012 2015

 Defense Advanced
The first Research Projects
2016 reprogrammable 2017 Agency (DARPA) is
quantum developing a new The program
computer was "Molecular aims to store
created. "Until Informatics" and process
now, there hasn't program that uses information
been any molecules as with molecules,
quantum- computers. utilizing their
computing Chemistry offers a unique three-
platform that had rich set of dimensional
the capability to properties that we atomic
program new may be able to structure as
algorithms into harness for well as
their system. "scalable variables such
information storage as shape, size,
and processing." or even color.
In 2018 -
Present
1. Cloud Computing 3. Artificial
• The cloud will 2. The internet of Intelligence
increase the Things • AI and its
productivity of an • It will turned the advanced
organization by dream of smart algorithms will be
saving time and homes, devices, assisting other
money. cars, and technologies to
workplaces into a build sophisticated
reality. software.
4. Virtual Assistance
5. Augmented Reality 6. 3-D Printing
• Advancements can
• It is a technology • It will change the
be made to the
which places a perspective of
existing technology
computer-generated many industries of
by merging with
image in front of a manufacturing a
voice assistant
user creating a product.
technology
composite view of
companies and
reality.
media providers.
7. Robotic Process
Automation (RPA)
• It is the use of
software to
automate 8. Cybersecurity
business • It might not seem
processes such like emerging
as interpreting technology, given
applications, that it has been
processing around for a
transactions, while, but it is
dealing with evolving just as
data, and even other
replying to technologies and
emails. that's in part
because threats
are constantly
new.
 Resources:
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