Week 8-9 Research and Design
Week 8-9 Research and Design
and Design
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this chapter, the student is
S
expected to:
• Define research in relation to its goals and
purpose;
• Classify and differentiate the different types of
research;
• Demonstrate the characteristics of a good
research problem as well as that of a good
design; and
• Differentiate research with design.
• Discuss the format of Research
What is
Research?
Research is simply a
systematic and refined
technique of thinking,
employing specialized tools,
instruments, and procedures
in order to obtain a more
adequate solution to a
problem than would be
possible under ordinary
means.
What is
Research?
Research is a systematic
process of investigating
and studying materials,
sources, and data to gain
new knowledge, confirm
existing theories, or
develop new theories and
solutions.
Purpose of
Research
• Expanding Knowledge
• Solving Problems
• Verifying Facts and Theories
• Innovating and Developing
New Products
• Informing Policy and Decision-
Making
• Supporting Education and
Learning
• Testing Hypotheses and
Exploring Relationships
• Building New Tools and
Research often follows a
methodical process,
including:
• Identifying a research question or
problem
• Conducting a literature review to
understand existing knowledge
• Formulating hypotheses or objectives
• Designing an experiment or study
• Collecting and analyzing data
• Drawing conclusions and sharing
findings (e.g., through publications or
reports)
Characteristics of
RESEARCH
The following are the generally accepted characteristics of
research:
0 0 0 04 05
1 2 3
Empiric Logical Cyclica Analytica Critical
al l l
Types of
Research
Basically, there are three types of research; pure
research, applied research and action research.
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1 2 3 Case
Descriptive Historical Experiment Ex post
Study
al Facto
ResearchMethods
Broadly, research methods fall into two categories: qualitative and
quantitative.
Quantitative Research
Methods
These methods involve the collection and analysis of numerical data and
often aim to identify patterns, test hypotheses, or establish relationships
between variables.
• Surveys/Questionnaires: Structured sets of questions aimed at
collecting data from a large sample of respondents.
• Experiments: Controlled tests designed to investigate cause-and-effect
relationships by manipulating one or more variables while keeping
others constant.
• Observational Studies: Systematic observation of subjects or
phenomena, usually without manipulation, to gather data in natural
settings.
ResearchMethods
Broadly, research methods fall into two categories: qualitative and
quantitative.
Quantitative Research
Methods
These methods involve the collection and analysis of numerical data and often
aim to identify patterns, test hypotheses, or establish relationships between
variables.