‫بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫الشركة السودانية لتوزيع‬

‫الكهرباء المحدودة‬
.Sudanese Electricity Distribution Company Ltd

Load Flow Analysis using ETAP

instructer: Eng. Sayed Taha Elshiekh

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 Create & Validate System Models with
Ease & Accuracy
 With ETAP’s advanced Load Flow module, you
can create and validate your system model
with ease and obtain accurate and reliable
results. Built-in features like automatic device
evaluation, summary alarms / warnings, result
analyzer, and intelligent graphics make it the
most efficient Load Flow program available
today.
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  ETAP calculates bus voltages, branch power
factors, currents, and power flows throughout
the electrical system.
 ETAP allows for swing, voltage regulated, and
unregulated power sources with multiple
power grids and generator connections. It is
capable of performing analysis on both radial
and loop systems.
ETAP allows you to select from several
different methods in order to achieve the best
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calculation efficiency and accuracy.
 • Voltage Drop
• Power Factor Correction
• Automatic Device Evaluation
• Automatic Temperature Correction
• 2W & 3W Transformer LTC /
Regulator Actions
• Real & Reactive Power Losses
• Auto-Run Based on System
Changes
• Extensive Violation Alerts
• Multi-Report Result Analyzer Intelligent Graphics: State-of-the-art
graphical display of results including
voltage drop, load terminal voltage, branch
losses, and transformer LTC settings
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 Most Efficient Load Flow Program Available
Study Options
 Option to update initial
conditions
 Phase-shifting transformers
Auto-adjust LTC / regulator
settings
Power factor correction
Saves solution control
parameters for each scenario  3-Phase and 1-Phase Power Flow:
Calculate power flow for 3-phase,
1-phase, panel, and UPS systems
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  Make changes to your system & re-run studies instantly
Study Options

 Conduct unlimited “what if” studies within one database

 Calculate bus voltages, currents, & power factors
 Bus / transformer / cable reactor overload warnings
Calculate power flows
 Update loading for DC load flow
Voltage drop calculations
Five levels of automatic error checking

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 Capabilities
Simulate multiple loading & generation conditions
 Automatically adjust transformer tap & LTC /
regulator settings
User-controlled convergence parameters
Compare & analyze multiple reports using result
analyzer
 Include effect of phase-shifting transformers
View results graphically
Evaluate critical & marginal limit violations
Solve 3-phase & 1-phase system load flow
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 Flexible Operation
 Diverse operating conditions
 Multiple loading categories
 Multiple demand factors
 Different model of lumped loading
 Unlimited configurations
 Different nameplate data
 Global & individual bus diversity factors

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 Automatic Device Evaluation: Automatically generate critical and marginal alerts for
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 Simultaneous Analysis of Different
Scenarios
 Load Flow Result Analyzer
ETAP Load Flow Result Analyzer is a time-
saving tool that compares and analyzes
multiple reports in a single view. You can
compare the results of general information
about a project or more specific information
such as the load flow results for buses,
branches, loads, or sources.

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 Detailed Modeling with Accurate Results
 Reporting
State-of-the-art graphic display of results
Customize output reports using Crystal Reports®
 Generate output reports in any language
Voltage drops, losses, power flows, power factor, etc.
Input data, detailed load flows, & summaries
Export reports to your favorite word processing program
 Graphically display device evaluation results
 Graphically display buses with marginal or critical under
/ over voltage
Export one-line diagrams including results to third party

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CAD systems 11/22/2024

 Extensive Reporting: Detailed load flow reports and indispensable
summaries including branch losses, voltage drop, and loading

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 • Understand results of multiple studies in one glance
• Compare & view multiple load flow results in a single
view
• Analyze & compare reports from multiple projects
• Create a base line report & quickly identify deviations for
all cases
• View multiple bus, branch, load, & source results
• Advanced alert & warning feature identifies & highlights
overstressed components
• Easily find components on one-line diagrams from the
analyzer view
• Export summary view into Microsoft® Excel for
maximum data flexibility & visualization
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 Features
Newton-Raphson, fast decoupled, & accelerated Gauss
Seidel
Generator governors with isochronous or droop mode
Generator exciters with AVR or Mvar / PF controllers
Transformer load tap changers (LTC / regulators)
Advanced solution techniques for fast convergence
 Multiple loading conditions
Multiple generation conditions

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 Features
 Swing, voltage regulated, & unregulated power sources
 Voltage drop calculations
 Load forecasting
 Alert view to display critical & marginal limit violations
 Bus / transformer / cable overload warning
 Single-phase load flow display
 Global & individual bus diversity factors
 Individual demand factors for continuous, intermittent, &
spare operating conditions
 Option to update the initial condition from load flow
solutions

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 Features
 Phase-shifting transformer
 Power factor correction
 Multi-report result analyzer
 Unlimited bus capability

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 i ng E TAP for d ra w in g
Us
electric a l n e t w ork s

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 ETAP Desktop

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 Instruments
CT’s, VT’s, Relays,
AC Elements …….
Generators, Loads,
Motors, transformers ,
……

DC Elements
UPS, VFD, Inverters,
……
Protective
devices
CB’s, Fuses,
Contactors, …..

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 END

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