APPROACHES

TO LANGUAGE
TEACHING
Group 5
Reporters
 Present At this Juncture, you'll be able to
know the different teaching
day methods during these present

teaching times.
You will be able to use your
methods knowledge of these methods
when you are already teaching.
GRAMMAR
TRANSLATION
METHOD
- is a method of learning
second language by
translating or converting the
sentences of the native
language into the target
language or vice versa.
characteristics of grammar translation method

• It helps to learn new language and its correct

sentence structure.

• It allows the students to be able to read and

write a new language.

• It enable students to use interchangeable words

and phrases.

• Students get to learn new vocabulary and new

words.
 Procedure of grammar translation method
1. A paragraph is read by a teacher, and some
difficult words are marked out of it.

2. These marked words are converted into the

native language of students.

3. A paragraph is read once again and is translated

by a teacher, line by line.

4. All the Grammatical items are taught about to

students.
 advantages of grammar translation method
• It makes the concept more clear and new words,
phrases, and vocabulary is introduced.
• Learning gets easy as the conduction is done in the
native language.
• It promotes the skills of reading and writing
effectively.
• For class conduction, very less teacher material aid
is needed and also, this method can be taught in
overcrowded classes.
• Students feel comfortable as the mother tongue is
used to teach any foreign language and they are free
to ask the questions in between.
 Disadvantages of grammar translation method
• It restricts the skills of speaking and listening to a
foreign language.
• The natural order of learning any language is listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. But, in GTM, reading is
facilitated first.
• Proper conversational skills in a foreign language still
remain a hurdle.
• GTM focuses on formal and bookish grammar rules. So it
does not enhance proper learning of the foreign
language.
• It takes time to translate each and every word under
GTM as students are well versed in their mother tongue
 techniques of grammar translation method
1.Fill in the blanks
2.Use words in sentences
3.Topic composition
4.Passage Translation
5.Comprehension questions
6.Word meanings
7.Inference building
8.Summary writing
Direct Method
- was discovered around 1900 by a
German linguist Maximilian Berlitz
-The Direct Method, also known as the
Natural Method, emphasises teaching
a language through immersion and
direct communication, mirroring the
way a child learns their first language.
- The direct method was the outcome
of the reaction against the grammar
translation method
 classroom set-up
-Giving instructions exclusively in the target
language
-‌Grammar was taught inductively
-‌Initially, only everyday vocabulary and
sentences are taught
-‌Concreate vocabulary is through demonstration,
objects, pictures; abstract vocabulary is taought
later by association of ideas
 advantages
1.It is a natural method
2.No gap between active and passive
vocabularies
weakness
3.This method is based on sound principles of
education
1.Critics argue that the Direct Method’s focus
on communication can lead to the neglect
of explicit grammar instruction.
audio-lingualism
- is a popular language teaching
method in the mid-20th century,
primarily based on behaviorist
psychology. This approach
emphasized the mechanical
practice of language patterns
through repetition and drills. It
was heavily influenced by the
work of linguists like Charles
Fries and Robert Lado
 key principles
• Oral-aural focus: The primary focus is on listening
and speaking, with reading and writing introduced
later.
• Habit formation: Language learning is viewed as
habit formation, and drills are used to reinforce
correct language patterns.
• Minimal error correction: Mistakes are often corrected
immediately to prevent the formation of bad habits.
• Dialogues and scripts: Lessons are often based on
dialogues and scripts, which students memorize and
practice
 techniques
• Drills: Repeated practice of language patterns, such
as substitution drills and transformation drills.
• Dialogues: Memorization and practice of dialogues
to reinforce language patterns and conversational
skills.
• Pattern practice: Practice of grammatical structures
through controlled drills and exercises.
• Audiovisual aids: Use of audio and visual materials
to support language learning.
cognitive-code
-refers to a theory of second
language teaching and learning
rooted in cognitivist psychology
and structural applied linguistics.
• The theory emphasizes the
central role of cognition in the
conscious and explicit learning of
the rules of a language as a
code.
 Exploring cognitive-code
PROPONENTS
• John B. Caroll and Kenneth
Chastain CHARACTERISTICS
• Meaningful Practice •
Concept Questions •Learner Autonomy
• Conscious Analysis
• Inductive Grammar Presentation
 Exploring cognitive-code
ADVANTAGES
• Encourages Active Learning
• Promotes Deeper Understanding
• Long-Term Retention
DISADVANTAGES
• Time-Consuming
• May Not Be Suitable for All Learners
Natural approach
- is a language teaching
method developed by
Stephen Krashen and Tracy
Terrel in 1983. It is
grounded in the theory of
second language
acquisition , emphasizing
the importance of
communication and
understanding over
 characteristics
1.Focus on meaning
2.Comprehensible input
3.Silent Period
4.Low Anxiety Environment
5.Natural Order of
Acquisition
6.Emphasis on listening
and reading
 Methods
1.Raw Seus Method
• Emphasizes the teacher using
drama and creative actions to
convey vocabulary words and
target language .
2. Total Physical Response (TPR)
• Involves modeling actions or
using pictures for students to
learn vocabulary words and
target phrases.
 procedure
1.Input Phase
2.Early Production Phase
3.Speech Emergence Phase
4.Intermediate Fluency Phase
advantages
1.Stress-free learning
2.Comprehension base
3.Individual pacing
4.Practical communication
 disadvantages
1.Slow development of accuracy
2.Limited focus on writing
3.Teacher preparation
4.Not suitable for learners
 Total physical response
- is a method of teaching
language vocabulary concepts by
using physical movement to react
to verbal input.
Characteristics of tpr
They are typically geared to highlights
physical actions and activity on the
part of the learners. In this sense,
learners play main roles: a listener and
a performer. They listen attentively
and respond physically to commands
by the teacher.
 How to use tpr
1.Giving instructions
2.Teaching new vocabulary
concepts
5 key steps to use tpr
a. Prepare
b. Teacher modelling
c. Student modelling
d. Writing
e. Review and practice
 advantages
Effective for beginners,
incorporates movement and action
for memory retention, immersive
learning experience.
disadvantages
Limited focus on writing and
reading skills, potential lack of
advanced content.
suggestopedia
- Is a language teaching
method developed by the
Bulgarian psychologist
Georgi Lozanov. It aims to
teach languages quickly by
creating relaxed, positive,
and engaging learning
environment through the use
of music, art, and specific
teaching techniques.
 Key features
- Use of music to relax learners
- Classroom set-up and
atmosphere are crucial
- Teachers play a central role in
providing information
- Divided into phases:
introduction, concert session,
elaboration, and production
 advantages
- Promotes relaxation and reduced
anxiety
- Boosts confidence and motivation to
learners
- Encourages spontaneous interaction
criticisms
- in
Notthepractical
target language.
due to the need for
specific resources
- Emphasis on memorization over
comprehension and creativity
desuggestopedia
- Is a later term focusing on
“de-suggesting” limitations
on learning. It aims to tap
into learners’ untapped
potential by creating a
learning environment that
eliminates negative beliefs
about learning and makes
the process enjoyable and
efficient.
 Key features
- Focuses on eliminating negative
beliefs and self-limiting
concepts.
- Utilizes carefully orchestrated
learning environments and
specially trained teachers.
- Aims to accelerate learning by
three to ten times.
- Encourages learners to
overcome psychological barriers
to learning.
 advantages
- Helps learners tap into their mental
reserve capacities.
- Provides effective learning in line with
the brain’s natural learning style.
- Results in enjoyable and stress-free
learning experiences.
criticisms
- Requires specific conditions and
resources
- The method may not be universally
applicable.
 10 principles of
interactive
language teaching
10 principles based on the interactive nature of
language learning and teaching
1. The student is the language
learner
2. Language learning and teaching
are shaped by student needs and
objectives in particular
circumstances;
3. Language learning and teaching
are based on normal uses of
language, with communication of
meanings (in oral and written
form) to all basic strategies and
techniques
10 principles based on the interactive nature of
language learning and teaching
4. Classroom relations reflect
mutual liking and respect,
allowing for both teacher and
student personality in a non-
threatening atmosphere of
cooperative learning.
5. Basic to language use are
knowledge of language and
control of language.
10 principles based on the interactive nature of
language learning and teaching
6. Development of language
control proceeds through
creativity, which is nurtured
by interactive participatory
activities;
7. Every possible medium and
modality are used to aid
learning
8. Testing is an aid to learning
10 principles based on the interactive nature of
language learning and teaching
9. Language learning is
penetrating another culture:
harmoniously within another
culture or in contact with
another culture; and
10. The real world extends
beyond the classroom walls;
language learning takes place
in and out of the classroom.
Thank you for listening