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4 Diode Rectifier

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7 views31 pages

4 Diode Rectifier

Uploaded by

4g2y2vxbjz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Diode

Rectifiers
Introduction
This chapter is concerned with the application and design of diode
rectifier circuits. It covers single-phase, three-phase, poly-phase and
high-frequency rectifier circuits [1, 2].
The objectives of this chapter are:
• To enable readers to understand the operation of typical rectifier
circuits.
• To enable readers to appreciate the different qualities of rectifiers
required for different applications.
• To enable the reader to design practical rectifier circuits.
Introduction
The high-frequency rectifier waveforms given are obtained from
PSpice simulations, which take into account the secondary effects
of stray and parasitic components.
In this way, these waveforms will closely resemble real
waveforms.
These waveforms are particularly useful to help designers
determine the practical voltage, current, and other ratings of high-
frequency rectifiers.
Single-Phase Diode Rectifiers
There are two types of single-phase diode
rectifier that convert a single-phase ac supply
into a dc voltage, namely, single-phase half-
wave rectifiers and single-phase full-wave
rectifiers.
Single-Phase Half-Wave
The simplest single-phase diode rectifier is
Rectifiers
the single-phase half-wave rectifier. A
single-phase half-wave rectifier with
resistive load is shown in Figure
The circuit consists of only one diode that
is usually fed with a transformer secondary
as shown. During the positive half-cycle of
the transformer secondary voltage, diode
D conducts. During the negative half-cycle,
diode D stops conducting.
Single-Phase Half-Wave
Rectifiers
By observing the voltage waveform of diode D, it is clear that the peak inverse
voltage (PIV) of diode D is equal to Vm during the negative half-cycle of the
transformer secondary voltage. Hence the Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage(VRRM)
rating of diode D must be chosen to be higher than Vm to avoid reverse breakdown.
In the positive half-cycle of the transformer secondary voltage, diode D has a
forward current which is equal to the load current and, therefore, the Peak Repetitive
Forward Current (IFRM) rating of diode D must be chosen to be higher than the peak
load current Vm=R, in practice. In addition, the transformer has to carry a dc current
that may result in a dc saturation problem of the transformer core.
Single-Phase Half-Wave
Rectifiers
Single-Phase Full-Wave
Rectifiers
There are two types of single-phase full-wave rectifier, namely, full-wave
rectifiers with center-tapped transformer and bridge rectifiers. A full-wave
rectifier with a center-tapped transformer is shown in Fig. 10.3.
It is clear that each diode, together with the associated half of the
transformer, acts as a half-wave rectifier. The outputs of the two half-wave
rectifiers are combined to produce full-wave rectification in the load.
As far as the transformer is concerned, the dc currents of the two half-
wave rectifiers are equal and opposite, such that there is no dc current for
creating a transformer core saturation problem.
Single-Phase Full-Wave
Rectifiers
Single-Phase Full-Wave
Rectifiers
Employing four diodes instead of two, a bridge rectifier can provide full-
wave rectification without using a center-tapped transformer.
During the positive half cycle of the transformer secondary voltage, the
current flows to the load through diodes D1 andD2.
During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4 conduct. The voltage and
current
waveforms of the bridge rectifier. As with the full-wave rectifier with center-
tapped transformer, the Peak Repetitive Forward Current(IFRM) rating of the
employed diodes must be chosen to be higher than the peak load current
Vm=R. However, the peak inverse voltage (PIV) of the diodes is reduced
Single-Phase Full-Wave
Rectifiers
Performance Parameters
Voltage Relationships
Performance Parameters
Voltage Relationships
Performance Parameters
Voltage Relationships
Performance Parameters
Voltage Relationships
Performance Parameters
Current Relationships
The average value of load current
iL is Idc and because load R is
purely resistive it can be found as
Performance Parameters
Current Relationships

In the case of a half-wave


rectifier,
Performance Parameters
Current Relationships

In the case of a half-wave


rectifier,
Performance Parameters
Current Relationships

In the case of a full-wave rectifier,


Rectification Ratio
The rectification ratio, which is a figure of merit for
comparing the effectiveness of rectification, is
defined as
Rectification Ratio
In the case of a half-wave diode rectifier, the
rectification ratio can be determined by
substituting Eqs.
Form Factor
In the case of a half-wave rectifier, the FF can be
found by substituting Eqs.
Form Factor
In the case of a full-wave rectifier, the FF can be
found by substituting Eqs.
Design Considerations
The goal in practical design is to achieve a given dc
output voltage.
Therefore, it is more convenient to put all the design
parameters in terms of Vdc .
For example, the rating and turns ratio of the
transformer in a rectifier circuit can be easily
determined if the rms input voltage to the rectifier is in
Design Considerations
Denote the rms value of the input voltage to the
rectifier as Vs, which is equal to 0.707Vm.
Based on this relation and Equation, the rms input
voltage to a half-wave rectifier is found as
Design Considerations
Similarly, the rms input voltage per secondary winding
of a full-wave rectifier is found as
Design Considerations
Another important design parameter is thePeak
Repetitive Reverse Voltage(VRRM) rating of the diodes
employed. In the case of a half-wave rectifier,
Design Considerations
In the case of a full-wave rectifier with center-tapped
transformer,
Design Considerations
In the case of a bridge rectifier,
Design Considerations
The important design parameters of basic single-phase rectifier circuits with resistive
loads are summarized in this Table
END of TOPIC

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