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Applied Mechanics Power Point

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43 views27 pages

Applied Mechanics Power Point

Uploaded by

blessedonoriode5
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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APPLIED

MECHANICS

GET 207
APPLIED MECHANICS
COURSE CONTENTS
• Independence dimensions and coordinate in space
• Vectors and vector algebra
• Resultant of force system {Parallelogram law of forces, Varignon’s theorem, Resultant of coplanar
concurrent forces
• Moment of force
• Equilibrium of force systems {Free Body Diagram, Equation of equilibrium, Equilibrium of planar
systems}
• Centroids and Centres of gravity (Simple and composite figures, centre of gravity of bodies and
centroids of volumes}
• Moments of Inertia { Perpendicular and Parallel axis theorem, Polar Moment of Inertia, Radius of
Gyration, Moments of Inertia of composite area}
• Friction
• Kinematics of particles and rigid bodies in plane motion
• Kinetics of particles
DEFINITION OF MECHANICS
Mechanics branch of science which describes and
predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under
the action of forces.

Mechanics can be divided into two parts.

• Statics which relates to the bodies at rest and


• Dynamics’ which deals with bodies in motion.
DEFINITIONS
• Length is applied to the linear dimensions of a straight or curved
line.

• Area is the two dimensional size of a shape or a surface is its area.


The shape may be flat (lie in a plane) or curved.

• Volume is the three dimensional or cubic measure of the space


occupied by a substance.

• Force: This term is applied to any action on the body which tends
to make it move, change its motion, or change its size and shape.
• A force is usually a push or pull

• Pressure is the external force per unit area, or the total force
divided by the total area on which it acts.
DEFINITIONS
• Mass is the amount of matter contained in a body.

• Weight is the force with which a body is attracted towards the


centre of earth by the gravitational pull.

• Density is the weight of a unit volume of a body or substance

• Moment is the tendency of a force to cause rotation about some


point.

• Torque is the action of a force which causes rotation to take


place.
DEFINITIONS
• Space: It is a region in all directions encompassing the universe. It is a geometric position
occupied by bodies. These positions are describe by linear or angular measurements with
reference to a defined system of co-ordinates.

• Time: Time is a measurement to measure a duration between successive events. In the study
of statics time does not play important role. In dynamics time is very important parameter

• Particle: A particle is ideally dimensionless. But it has a very small mass.

• Rigid body: No body is perfectly rigid, however rigid body is defined as a body in which
particles do not change their relative positions under the action of any force or torque. Rigid
body is ideal body.

• Deformable body: When a body deforms due to a force or a torque it is said deformable
body.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A FORCE
• It has magnitude
• It has direction
• It is a vector quantity
• It has point of application
• It has a nature
- Tensile force
- Compressive
- Pull force
- Push force
FUNDAMENTAL UNITS
LECTURE 2
FORCE SYSTEMS
• A force system is a collection of forces acting on a body in one or more
planes.
Coplanar concurrent collinear force system
• It is the simplest force system and includes those forces whose vectors
lie along the same straight line

Coplanar concurrent non-parallel force system


• Forces whose lines of action pass through a common point are called
concurrent forces.
• Lines of action of all the forces meet at a point but have different
directions in the same plane.
FORCE SYSTEMS
Coplanar non-concurrent parallel force system
• The lines of action of all the forces lie in the same plane
and are parallel to each other but may not have same
direction.

Coplanar non-concurrent non-parallel force system


• The lines of action of all forces lie in the same plane but do
not pass through a common point.
FREE BODY DIAGRAMS
• Free body diagram is the diagram of an isolated
element or a portion of a body along with the net effects
of the system on it.

• A body may consist of more than one element and


supports.
• Each element or support can be isolated from the rest of
the system by incorporating the net effect of the
remaining system through a set of forces.
TRANSMISSIBILITY OF A FORCE

• The principle of transmissibility states that a force may be applied at


any point on its given line of action without altering the resultant
effects of the force external to the rigid body on which it acts.

• Thus, whenever we are interested in only the resultant external effects


of a force, the force may be treated as a sliding vector, and we need
specify only the magnitude, direction, and line of action.
RESULTANT FORCE
• If number of forces are acting simultaneously on a particle, it
is possible to find out a single force which could replace
them or produce the same effect as of all the given forces is
called resultant force.

METHODS OF FINDING RESULTANT FORCES


• Parallelogram Law of Forces (For 2 Forces)
• Triangle Law (For 2 Forces)
• Lami’s theorem (For 3 forces)
• Method of resolution (For more than 2 Forces)
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF
FORCES
Parallelogram law of forces states that “If two forces,
acting simultaneously on a particle, be represented in
magnitude and direction by the two adjacent sides of a
parallelogram then their resultant may be represented in
magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the
parallelogram which passes through their point of
intersection.”

Two methods
• Graphical method
• Analytical method
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF
FORCES
TRIANGLE LAW OF FORCES

Triangle law of forces states that “If two forces acting


simultaneously on a body are represented in magnitude
and direction by the two sides of triangle taken in order
then their resultant may be represented in magnitude
and direction by the third side taken in opposite order.”

Two Methods
• Graphical method.
• Analytical method
TRIANGLE LAW OF FORCES
Questions
• Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of two forces 40 N and 60 N acting at
a point with an included angle of 40° between them. The force of 60 N being horizontal.
• The angle between the two forces of magnitude 20 N and 15 N is 60° ; the 20 N force
being horizontal. Determine the resultant in magnitude and direction, if
(a) the forces are pulls ; and
(b) the 15 N force is a push and 20 N force is a pull.

• Find the magnitude of two forces such that, if they act at right angles, their resultant is
5 N whilst when they act at an angle of 60°, their resultant is 6.30 N.

• Two forces P and Q acting at a point have a resultant R. If Q be doubled, R is doubled.


Again if the direction of Q is reversed, then R is doubled. Show that P : Q : R = 2 : 3 : 2 .

• Two forces of magnitudes 3P, 2P respectively acting at a point have a resultant R. If the
first force is doubled, the magnitude of the resultant is doubled. Find the angle
between the forces.
PRINCIPLE OF EQUILIBRIUM
LAMI’S THEOREM
• It states that if three coplanar forces acting on a point in
a body keep it in equilibrium, then each force is
proportional to the sine of the angle between the other
two forces.
RESOLUTION OF FORCES
QUESTIONS
Find the resultant force and the direction of the coplanar
concurrent forces
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS

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