Measures of Central

Tendency (Part 2)
ELA N. REGONDOLA, Ed. D.
Professor
Mode for ungrouped and
grouped data
Mode

• Is defined as the score with the highest frequency. The

most frequent score. It is called a nominal statistics. In a
grouped data, it is the midpoint of the class interval with the
highest frequency.
• Characteristics of the Mode
1. A nominal statistics
2. An inspection average.
3. The most frequently occurring score.
Mode

4. Usually occurs near the center of the distribution.

5. Cannot be obtained by mathematical operations.
6. The most popular scores.
7. Some distribution have more than one popular score.
When to use the Mode

1. When a quick and approximate measure of central tendency is

all that wanted.
2. When the measure of central tendency is the most typical value.

Finding the Mode for ungrouped data.

•Just pick out the most occurring scores. 67, 89, 76, 77, 90, 78, 77,
86, 84, 75
•77 is the mode it is called unimodal. A unimodal is a score
distribution which contain one mode.
Finding the Mode for ungrouped data.

• 54, 45, 78, 34, 89, 45, 54

• 54 and 45 are the mode. It is called bimodal. A bimodal has
two most frequent scores occurring. A score with three
most frequent score is called trimodal.
Finding the Mode for Ungrouped Data
•
Finding the Mode for Grouped Data

Steps:
1.Prepare a table containing the class interval,
frequency
2.Compute for 1 and 2
3.Substitute data to the formula.
 Illustrative Example:

Class Interval Class Boundaries f

53 – 63 52.5 – 63.5 6
64 – 74 63.5 – 74.5 12
1 Is 25 – 12 = 13
75 – 85 74.5 – 85.5 25
86 – 96 85.5 – 96.5 18 2 Is 25 – 18 = 7
97 – 107 96.5 – 107.5 14
108 - 118 107.5 – 118.5 5

Modal Class
Solution:

•
Finding the Mode for Grouped Data
•
Illustrative Example:

Class Interval Lower boundary f

10 -19 2
20 – 29 3
30 – 39 5
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 49.5 15
60- 69 7
70 – 79 6
80 - 89 4

N = 50
Finding the Mode for Grouped Data

• Class Lower f
Interval boundar
y
10 -19 2
20 – 29 3
30 – 39 5
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 49.5 15
60- 69 7
70 – 79 6
80 - 89 4

N = 50
 Practice Exercise:

The table below shows the weight of 40 female students at

the Conservatory of Music at UST
Weight Number of
(pounds) Students Determine the mode.
80 – 85 3
86 – 91 5
92 – 97 9
98 – 103 12
104 – 109 5
110 – 115 4
116 – 121 2
N = 40
Median for ungrouped and
grouped data
Median

• The median is the value in the middle of a data set,

meaning that 50% of data points have a value smaller or
equal to the median and 50% of data points have a value
higher or equal to the median.
• It is the value which occupies the middle position when all
the observations are arranged in an ascending or
descending order. It is a positional average.
Steps in the Computation of the Median
(Ungrouped Data)

• (1) Arrange the data in ascending ( or) decending order of

magnitude.
• (2) If N is odd, median is the middlemost value.
• (3) If N is even, median is the average of the two middle
most value
Example 1:

Find the median of the given values : 47, 53, 62, 71, 83, 21, 43, 47, 41.
Solution :
Ascending order of the given data
21, 41, 43, 47, 47, 53, 62, 71, 83
Number of values given = 9 (odd)
median = [(N + 1)/2]th value
Median = 10/2 = 5th value.
Hence the median is 47.
Example 2:
Find the Median of the given data: 36, 44, 86, 31, 37, 44, 86, 35, 60, 51

Solution :
Ascending order of the given data.
31, 35, 36, 37, 44, 44, 51, 60, 86, 86
Number of given observations = 10
Median = (10/2)
= (5th value + 6th value)/2
= (44 + 44)/2
= 44
 Example 3:
A researcher studying the behavior of mice has recorded the time (in
seconds) taken by each mouse to locate its food by considering 13
different mice as 31, 33, 63, 33, 28, 29, 33, 27, 27, 34, 35, 28, 32. Find
the median time that mice spent in searching its food.
Solution :
31, 33, 63, 33, 28, 29, 33, 27, 27, 34, 35, 28, 32
Ascending order of given data is
27, 27, 28, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 33, 33, 34, 35, 63
Middle value is 7th observation
Median = 32
 How to Find the Median of Grouped Data?

• In a grouped data, it is not possible to find the median for

the given observation by looking at the cumulative
frequencies.
• The middle value of the given data will be in some class
interval. So, it is necessary to find the value inside the class
interval that divides the whole distribution into two halves.
• In this scenario, we have to find the median class.
 How to Find the Median of Grouped Data?

• To find the median class, we have to find the cumulative

frequencies of all the classes and n/2.
• After that, locate the class whose cumulative frequency is
greater than (nearest to) n/2.
• The class is called the median class.
 How to Find the Median of Grouped Data?

•
 Illustrative Example:

The following data represents the survey regarding the heights (in cm)
of 51 girls of Class x. Find the median height.

Class Interval Frequency (f) Cumulative Frequency (cf)

136 - 140 4 4
141 – 145 7 11
146 – 150 18 29
151 – 155 11 40
156 – 160 6 46
161 – 165 5 51
N = 51
Solution:
Here, n= 51.
Therefore, n/2 = 51/2 = 25.5
Class Interval Frequenc Cumulative
Thus, the observations lie between the y (f) Frequency (cf)
class interval 146-150, which is called the
136 - 140 4 4
median class.
141 – 145 7 11
Therefore,
146 – 150 18 29
Lower class boundary = 145.5
151 – 155 11 40
Class size, h = 5
156 – 160 6 46
Frequency of the median class, f = 18
161 – 165 5 51
Cumulative frequency of the class N = 51
preceding the median class, cf = 11.
Solution:

• Class Interval Frequenc Cumulative

y (f) Frequency (cf)
136 - 140 4 4
141 – 145 7 11
146 – 150 18 29
151 – 155 11 40
156 – 160 6 46
161 – 165 5 51
N = 51
 Practice Exercise:

The following frequency distribution table shows the monthly

consumption of electricity of 64 consumers of a locality. Find the median
of theMonthly
givenconsumption
data. Cumulative Frequency (cf)
of Number of consumers
electricity (in units)
66 – 85 4 4
86 – 105 5 9
106 – 125 13 22
126 – 145 20 42
146 – 165 14 56
166 – 185 8 64
N = 64
 Practice Exercise:

The result of an IQ test of a group of students in a certain college were

taken and are presented in a frequency distribution below. Determine
the median. Cumulative Frequency (cf)
Class Interval Frequency (f)
70 – 75 2 2
76 – 81 8 10
82 – 87 19 29
88 – 93 21 50
94 – 99 28 78
100 – 105 38 116
106 – 111 15 131
112 – 117 9 140
 Homework:

The efficiency ratings of 155 faculty members of a certain

college were taken and are shown below.
Classes f
Compute the following:
73 – 75 2
76 – 78 6
a) Mean rating of the teachers
79 – 81 12 b) Mode
82 – 84 16 c) Median
85 – 87 18
88 – 90 39
91 – 93 36
94 – 96 21
97 – 99 5