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Electrical Engineering Science GROUP 2 FINAL

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27 views10 pages

Electrical Engineering Science GROUP 2 FINAL

Find the attached files for Engineering Drawing materials and others

Uploaded by

ted20-rmachewere
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electrical

Engineering Science
Assignment 1
Prepared By: Group 2
Due: 03/09/24
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDs)
INTRODUCTION
 Light Emitting Diodes, commonly referred to as LEDs, are
semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current passes
through them.
 The principle behind their operation is electroluminescence, which
occurs when electrons recombine with holes in a semiconductor
material, releasing energy in the form of photons.
 This phenomenon was first observed in the early 20th century, but it
wasn’t until the 1960s that practical applications began to emerge.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE CONTI….
• They give off light known as electro-luminance when connected to
electrical energy source and only in forward bias.
Symbol for LED
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY
• A LED consists of a p-n junction diode made from a combination of
materials such as gallium arsenide or gallium phosphide. The “p” side
contains an abundance of holes (positive charge carriers), while the
“n” side has excess electrons (negative charge carriers).
• When voltage is applied across the diode, electrons move from the n-
type region to the p-type region and recombine with holes.
• This recombination releases energy in the form of light.
THE COLOUR OF EMITTED LIGHT

The colour of the emitted light depends on the band gap energy of the
semiconductor material used. For instance:

Red LEDs typically use aluminum gallium arsenide.


Green LEDs may utilize gallium phosphide.
Blue LEDs often employ indium gallium nitride.
ADVANTAGES
LEDs offer numerous advantages over traditional incandescent and fluorescent
lighting:
1. Energy Efficiency: LEDs consume significantly less power than incandescent
bulbs for equivalent brightness levels.
2. Longevity: They have a much longer lifespan, often lasting tens of thousands of
hours.
3. Durability: Being solid-state devices, they are more resistant to breakage
compared to fragile glass bulbs.
4. Environmental Impact: LEDs do not contain toxic elements like mercury and are
fully recyclable.
APPLICATIONS
The versatility of LEDs has led to their widespread adoption across various
applications:
1. General Lighting: Used in homes, offices, and public spaces.
2. Displays: Integral components in televisions, computer monitors, and digital
billboards.
3. Indicators: Commonly found in electronic devices as status indicators.
4. Automotive Lighting: Used for headlights, taillights, and interior lighting.
NOTE: In recent years, advancements in LED technology have also paved the way
for innovations such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) which are used in
flexible displays and lighting solutions.
References
• Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Light Emitting Diodes., Inc.,
Print.
• Hwang, Joon-Sung et al. A Review on Light Emitting Diode Technology: Journal of
Semiconductor Technology and Science, vol. 18, no. 5, 2018, pp. 1-12. Print.
• Pankove & Jacques I. Optical Processes in Semiconductors. Dover Publications
Inc., Print.
• McGraw-Hill Encyclopaedia of Science & Technology. LED Lighting. McGraw-Hill
Education, Print.

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