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Module 2

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33 views20 pages

Module 2

Uploaded by

cedrixxx6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS:
CONTINUOUS MOTION
DRB-DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES
SESSION OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

In this session, you will get to know more about the


principles of rectilinear kinematics. By the end of this
session you should be able to:

1. Define position, displacement, velocity and acceleration


2. Solve fundamental problems involving velocity and
acceleration
3. Utilize kinametics equations in observing particles’ motion
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

We will begin our study of dynamics by discussing the kinematics of a


particle that moves along a rectilinear or straight line path.

Recall that a particle has a mass but negligible size and shape.
Therefore we must limit application to those objects that have dimensions that
are of no consequence in the analysis of the motion.

In most problems, we will be interested in bodies of finite size, such as


rockets, projectiles, or vehicles. Each of these objects can be considered as a
particle, as long as the motion is characterized by the motion of its mass center
and any rotation of the body is neglected.
KINEMATICS OF A
PARTICLE
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

The kinematics of a particle is characterized by


specifying, at any given instant, the particle’s:
POSITION
VELOCITY
ACCELERATION
POSITION AND
DISPLACEMENT
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS
POSITION
The straight-line path of a particle will be defined using a single coordinate axis s. The
origin 0 on the path is a fixed point, and from this point the position coordinate s is used to
specify the location of the particle at any given instant.

DISPLACEMENT
The displacement of the particle is defined as the change in its position. For example, if
the particle moves from one point to another shown in the figure, the displacement is :
VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

VELOCITY
Velocity is defined as the change in position (displacement) per unit of time. Note that
both velocity and displacement are vector quantities.

ACCELERATION
Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity per unit of time.

Note: In motion along a straight line and in one direction, the directions of velocity and acceleration do not
change. This allows us to comfortably use the magnitudes of velocity and acceleration instead of their vector
values.
UNIT CONVERSION
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

LENGTH
1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm =3.28ft
1km= 1000m
1mile = 5280ft=1.609km =1760 yd
1ft =12in =3yd
1in =2.54 cm =25.4mm
TIME
1hr = 60 mins. =3600s
MOTION
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

When the relative position of a particle with respect to a reference point


changes with time, the object is said to be in MOTION. For convenience, the
reference point may be chosen to be the origin, O, in a set of x-y coordinates
system.

The motion of a particle along a straight line at a constant acceleration is


called the "Uniformly Accelerated Motion.“

A body moves with constant acceleration motion or uniformly accelerated


rectilinear motion (u.a.r.m) when its trajectory is a straight line and its
acceleration is constant and different from 0. This implies that the velocity
increases or decreases its magnitude uniformly.
KINEMATICS EQUATION
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS

These are the equations that describe an object in Uniformly Accelerated


Motion:
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS
A car's speed changes from
15m/s to 25m/s in 5.0s along a
straight road. Find the acceleration
of the car during this period.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS
A car accelerates uniformly
from rest to a final speed of 18
m/sec in 9 seconds. How far does it
travel during this period of
acceleration?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS
A pickup truck moving at 34
m/sec must come to a stop in a
distance of 196 meters to avoid
hitting a boulder that has fallen onto
the road. How much time does the
driver have to avoid an accident?
SAMPLE PROBLEM
CHAPTER 2: RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS
You throw a beanbag in the
air and catch it 2.2 s later at the
same place at which you threw it. It
takes 1.1 s before it reaches its
peak.
a. What was its initial velocity?
b. How high did it go?
RECTILINEAR
TRANSLATION
1. A car's speed changes
from 50m/s to 10m/s in 2.5 s
along a straight road. Find the
acceleration of the car during
this period.
2. A car accelerates uniformly
from rest to a final speed of 21
m/sec in 12 seconds. How far
does it travel during this period
of acceleration?
3. A pickup truck moving at 53 m/sec
must come to a stop in a distance of
305 meters to avoid hitting a boulder
that has fallen onto the road. How much
time does the driver have to avoid an
accident?
4. You throw a beanbag in the air and catch
it 5.5 s later at the same place at which you
threw it. It takes 3.2 s before it reaches its
peak.
a. What was its initial velocity?
b. How high did it go?
THANK YOU

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