GROUP 1

THE PHYSICAL SELF AND SPIRITUAL SELF

THE PHYSICAL
SELF
LESSON
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to
1 Understand the stages of life and
explain the physica changes that occur
during each stage,
2. Identify the contributions of genetic
and environmental factors on physical
development of the self;
3. Describe the factors that affect body
image:
4. Examine the impact of the culture on
STAGES OF LIFE
The Physical Self refers to the body that

SPAN
includes basic parts such as head, neck,
arms, and legs. It is also made up of other
organs such as the brain, heart, lungs,
stomach, intestines, and muscles; these
organs works together to perform many of
its functions such as breathing. walking
and dancing.
The body's ability to perform its functions gradually changes
through the years. In general, the body performs its functions
least well during (1) infancy and (2) old age. Physical efficiency
generally peaks in early adulthood and declines into the middle
age. Physical development and growth during childhood
continues at a slow rate compared with rapid rate of growth in
babyhood. Each individual goes through a succession of the
development stages. One of the most crucial stage of
development is the adolescence stage. The adolescence is the
stage of development characterized by rapidly physical
changes that includes the maturation of the reproductive
system. It begins with the onset of puberty.
ELIZABETH B. HURLOCK (2001)
OUTLINED THE STAGES OF LIFESPAN
OR THE DEVELOPMENT FROM
COnception to death. She divided
the stage into ten
1. PRENATAL_ (10) parts:
FErtilization to the birth
2. Infancy_ birth to 2 weeks of life
3. Babyhood_ 2 weeks of life to 2nd year
4. Early Childhood_2 to 6
5. Late Childhood_ 6 to 10 or 12
6 Puberty 10 or 12 to 14
7. Adolescence _14 to 18
8. Early Adulthood _ 18 to 40
9. Middle Adulthood _ 40 to 60
10. Late Adulthood _ 60 to death
SOCIOLOGISTS, ANTHROPOLOGISTS AND OTHERS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
ARGUE THAT HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED AND SHAPED TROUGH
INTERACTION. BASED ON THESE ARGUMENTS, TWO
(2) factors are considered,
1 . H E R E D I T Y
Heredity is the biological process of transmission of
traits from parents of offspring, the sex and other
physical traits are determined by the combination of (1)
chromosome and (2) genes during fertilization (the
union of the two cells: Egg and Sperm). Chromosomes
are thread like tissues that carries the genes, and are
usually found in pairs; classified as autosomes or trait
chromosomes (22 pairs) and gonosome or sex
chromosomes. A human typically has 23 pairs of
chromosomes. Genes, on the other hand, are the basic
 2.
EnvironmentN
EN V I R O M
refersE N
to T
the factors
to which the individual is exposed
after conception to death which
includes learning and experience.
Factors such as diet, nutrition, and
diseases play an important role in
BODY IMAGE
Body image refers to how individuals
perceive, think, and feel about their body
and physical appearance. Appearance
refers to everything about a person that
others can observe such as height,
weight, skin color, clothes, and hairstyle.
Through appearances, people show others
the kind of persons they are.
 It appears that the body image
is related to self-esteem. Self-
esteem is a person's overall
evaluation of his or her own worth.
Low self-esteem is very common is
adolescents. Adolescents worry
about different parts of their
bodies.
YOUNGER WOMEN AND
GIRLS TEND TO HAVE
POOR BODY
Image. Three (3) of the
most common causes of
poor body
1. Emphasis on image are:
thin ideal body
- lead girls to experience body dissatisfaction
2. Bullying and peer pressure
- have been associated with greater body
dissatisfaction.
3. Media
- such as television, advertisements, music and
movies.
filled with good-looking faces, making women
and men more concerned with physical
attractiveness.
- results to paying a great deal of money for the
 BODY IMAGE CAN AFFECT BOTH THE ADOLESCENT'S PHYSICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING. SOME OF THE EFFECTS OF POOR BODY IMAGE
INCLUDE:
1. Body dissatisfaction
2. Depression
3. Low-self esteem
4. EATING DISORDER
A. BULIMIA
-THE PERSON INDUCES PURGING AFTER BINGING ON LARGE QUANTITIES OF
FOOD.
B. ANOREXIA NERVOSA
-EATING DISORDER IN WHICH THE PERSON REFUSES TO EAT FOR FEAR OF
GAINING WEIGHT
CAN RESULT IN SEVERE STARVATION AND DEATH
MOSTLY AFFLICTS FEMALES BETWEEN THE AGES OF 12 AND 40, ALTHOUGH
MEN MAY ALSO DEVELOP IT.
5. BODY MODIFICATION
-some people desperate change their physical appearance
Different forms:
Tattooing, Permanent make-up Body piercing , Cosmetic surgery
CONCEPT OF BEAUTY
IN EGYPTIAN ART, BEAUTY IS
PORTRAYED IN WOMEN WITH
SLIM, HIGH WAIST, NARROW
HIPS, AND LONG BLACK HAIR.
WOMEN WITH FULL FIGURE AND
ROUNDED HIPS WERE
CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL DURING
THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD.
SOME TRIBES (EG, AFRICA)
DURING THE MEDIEVAL AGE
CONSIDER CHUBBY, FAT, OR
PLUM WOMEN BEAUTIFUL. ON
THE OTHER HAND, SOME TRIBES
IN MALAYSIA, PHILIPPINES AND
INDONESIA CONSIDERED FLAT
NOSES TO BE THE MOST
ATTRACTIVE.
 STANDARDS OF BEAUTY HAVE CHANGE OVER TIME BASED ON CHANGING
CULTURAL VALUES. HOWEVER, ALL CULTURES HAVE, MORE OR LESS, THE SAME
CONCEPT STANDARDS OF BEAUTY. TRADITIONALLY CONSIDERED THE MOST
BEAUTIFULHAVE:
1 clean and unblemished skin
2. thick shinny hair
3. well-proportioned bodies, and
4. symmetrical faces
IDEAL
AROUND THE WORLD

BEAUTY
WESTERN COUNTRIES
IN THE WEST, PEOPLE LOOK AT
MODELS AND CELEBRITIES FOR THEIR
STANDARDS OF BEAUTY COMMONLY
TALL, THIN, AND ELEGANT.
Since there are different types of
people living in the west, specifically
the United States beauty in this
country is found in all colors and sizes.
But they all have some things in
common-they are beautiful, fit, and
have perfect features. Though it exists
in other countries as well, a common
thread in American thinking is that if
you weren't born with beauty, it can be
created.
BRAZIL BRAZILIANS HAVE LONG BEEN REGARDED FOR
THEIR BEAUTY WHICH CAUSED ACHIEVING
PERFECTION TO BECOME A NATIONAL
OBSESSION.
BEING FIT AND THIN IS ONE STANDARD IN
BRAZIL. THE AVERAGE WEIGHT OF A
BRAZILIAN WOMAN IS 110-125 POUNDS-AND
THE PRESSURE TO BE THIN LEADS MANY
PEOPLE TO TAKE EXTREME MEASURES. THIS
MAKES BRAZIL AS THE BIGGEST CONSUMER
OF DIET PILLS IN THE WORLD. II
FOR WOMEN WHO CAN'T ACHIEVE THEIR
IDEAL BODY NATURALLY PLASTIC SURGERY IS
BECOMING MORE AND MORE COMMON. THE
COUNTRY IS NOW SECOND ONLY TO THE
UNITED STATES IN THE NUMBER OF PLASTIC
SURGERIES PERFORMED. BEFORE, IT USED TO
BE ALL ABOUT THE BUTT, NOW BRAZILIAN
GIRLS ARE CONCENTRATING A LOT MORE ON
FRANCE
IN FRANCE, AND OTHER PARTS OF
EUROPE, THE DESIRED LOOK IS
NATURAL BEAUTY. FRENCH WOMEN
ARE KNOWN TO BE GRACEFUL AND
GLAMOROUS AT EVERY AGE, WITHOUT
BEING TOO FLASHY, AND OFTEN DON'T
UNDERSTAND THE AMERICAN
TENDENCY TO USE LOTS OF MAKEUP.

They may not have extreme standards

when it comes to facial beauty, but
fashion or clothing for them is
considerably sophisticated.
EAST ASIA
IN EAST ASIA, SMOOTH AND YOUTHFUL
SKIN IS A PRIMARY CRITERION OF
BEAUTY. CREAMS, LOTIONS, AND PILLS
PROMISING FLAWLESS SKIN ARE
WIDELY AVAILABLE. COMPARED TO A
TYPICAL AMERICAN WOMAN'S SKIN
CARE RITUAL, ASIAN SKIN CARE
RITUALS ARE MUCH MORE ELABORATE.
The typical daily beauty regimen for an
Asian women include general
cleansing, application of toners,
emulsions, serums, skin massages,
treatments, eye creams, general skin
creams, and moisturizers. Some Asian
women go as far as to shave their
entire faces, not for hair removal, but
JAPAN HAVING YOUNG AND YOUTHFUL SKIN IS
ANOTHER STANDARD OF BEAUTY IN MOST
ASIAN COUNTRIES. ONE FEATURE OF THE
JAPANESE IS HAVING BEAUTIFUL SKIN THAT
DOESN'T SEEM TO AGE VERY MUCH.

An extreme example is Masako Mizutani, a 43-

year old housewife who looks as if she's only
20. In the pictures, her skin looks unbelievably
soft, supple and practically flawless. According
to her she supposedly spends five hours a day
just taking care of her skin
.
Her tips include: drinking plenty of water to
flush out toxins, eating a fresh, healthy and
balanced diet, using vitamin E based creams,
sunscreen, cleansing. toning, moisturizing,
plenty of sleep and no smoking.
SOUTH KOREA PERHAPS THE MOST SHOCKING FACET OF
EAST ASIAN BEAUTY IS THE FACT THAT THE
MALE COSMETIC INDUSTRY IS BOOMING. IN
A SOCIETY WHERE FLAWLESS SKIN IS
CONSIDERED AN INDICATOR OF SOCIAL
SUCCESS, SOUTH KOREAN MALES SPEND
MORE ON SKIN AND MAKEUP PRODUCTS
THAT ANY OTHER MALE POPULATION IN THE
WORLD. ACCORDING TO THE ASSOCIATED
PRESS, THIS YEAR'S MALE SOUTH KOREAN
BEAUTY INDUSTRY IS EXPECTED TO GROSS
OVER US $850 MILLION.

The trend for more feminine and pretty

males in South Korea seems to be the result
of an influx of Japanese cultural goods that
portray male figures as romantic and
effeminate.
SOUTH KOREA
ANOTHER TREND IN
SOUTH KOREA IS TO HAVE
WIDE, ROUND EYES, AND
MANY PEOPLE ARE GOING
UNDER THE KNIFE TO
ACHIEVE THEM. ONE IN
TEN WOMEN, AND EVEN
SOME CHILDREN, ARE
HAVING AN EYE-LIFT TO
MAKE THEIR EYES MORE
WESTERN AND
INDIA IN A MULTITUDE OF CULTURES SUBJECTED
TO THE HARSH RAYS OF THE SUN, HAVING
LIGHT SKIN MEANT THAT YOU WERE
WEALTHY ENOUGH TO PAY SOMEONE ELSE
TO TOIL IN THE RAYS OF AN UNFORGIVING
SUN WHILE YOU RELAXED INSIDE. AN
EXTREME EXAMPLE OF THIS BEAUTY IDEAL
IS SEEN IN INDIA.

With the southern portion if India residing in

the Tropic of Cancer, India's close proximity
to the equator has resulted in the
characteristically dark skin tone of its
citizens. India's infamous caste system,
although based on birth and occupation,
placed that vast majority of those with
extremely dark skin into the lowest caste,
classifying them as "undesirables" or
"untouchables
THAILAND IN THAILAND FROM THE KAYAN TRIBE
FOCUSES ON NECK- ELONGATION. FROM
THE TIME THEY ARE YOUNG (FROM THE
AGE OF TWO TO FIVE YEAS OLD, FEMALE
MEMBERS OF THE KAYAN TRIBE ADD SHINY
BRASS HOOPS ONTO THEIR NECKS ONE AT
A TIME AS IT IS MORE COMFORTABLE TO
LENGTHEN THE NECK SLOWLY UNTIL THEY
BECOME BEAUTIFUL "LONG-NECKS".
The alternative is rapid and painful
lengthening of the neck at around the age
of twelve, when girls first begin to
compete for the attention of boys
THE WEIGHT OF THE RINGS PUSHED
DOWN THE COLLARBONE AND RIBS TO
ELONGATE THE NECK. A LONG NECK WAS
CONSIDERED THE EPITOME OF BEAUTY.
THE RINGS WERE ALSO A SIGN OF WEALTH
AND STATUS. IN AFRICA, ONLY MARRIED
MAURITANIA WOMEN IN THE AFRICAN NATION OF MAURITANIA,
FOOD IS A SCARCE RESOURCE.
MAURITANIA'S CLIMATE IS PRINCIPALLY
DESERT. HAVING A LARGE WIFE
TRADITIONALLY MEANT THAT A WOMAN IS
HEALTHY ENOUGH TO WITHSTAND A
PERIOD OF FAMINE.
From this environmental constraint, fat
women grew to be the ideal of beauty, as
the body mass of females in a male's care
became a criterion of social standing and
wealth.
Extreme forms of this practice includes
sending young girls (8 or 9 years old and
above) to fattening farms, called
"gavages, where they are force fed. If a
woman doesn't have fat legs and is not
fat, then she is not considered as a
woman.
PHILIPPINES BEAUTY STANDARDS HAVE BEEN A
PROMINENT ASPECT OF SOCIETY FOR
CENTURIES, WITH EACH CULTURE HAVING
ITS IDEALS OF BEAUTY. IN THE PHILIPPINES,
CERTAIN BEAUTY STANDARDS HAVE BEEN
SHAPED BY VARIOUS FACTORS SUCH AS
COLONISATION, GLOBALISATION, AND
MEDIA INFLUENCES. BEAUTY IDEALS IN THE
PHILIPPINES ARE DEEPLY ROOTED IN THE
COUNTRY’S COLONIAL PAST. WESTERN
STANDARDS OF BEAUTY PARTICULARLY
AROSE DURING THE SPANISH AND
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIODS. THESE
STANDARDS PRIORITISE LIGHTNESS OF
SKIN, A TALL STATURE, AND A POINTY NOSE
AS MARKERS OF ATTRACTIVENESS.
THEY HAVE BEEN PERPETUATED BY MEDIA
INFLUENCES THAT OFTEN PROMOTE THE
USE OF SKIN-LIGHTENING PRODUCTS AND
IRAN IN MIDDLE-EASTERN COUNTRIES, SUCH AS
IRAN, NOSE-JOBS ARE THE ULTIMATE ROUTE
TO BEAUTY-AND THE ULTIMATE STATUS
SYMBOL.

Both men and women wear their bandages

with pride; in the so-called "nose-job capital
of the world" over 70,000 people in this past
year alone went under the knife to get a
nose-job.

Because of the strict dress code in Iran and

other similar countries, women want what
they can actually show off to look perfect.
Because of this, other beauty trends seem
to focus on kohl-lined eyes and perfectly
threaded brows
ETHIOPIA IN THE KARO TRIBE IN ETHIOPIA,
YOUNG GIRLS HAVE SCARS CUT ON
THEIR BODIES IN INTRICATE,
SWIRLING PATTERNS TO CREATE A
BEAUTIFUL DESIGN TO ATTRACT A
HUSBAND. FROM THE AGE OF
AROUND FIVE THE SCARS ARE
INCISED ON SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE
BODY IN A PARTICULAR ORDER BY
EXPERTS, WHO ARE USUALLY OLDER
WOMEN. WHEN THIS PROGRAM OF
SCARIFICATION IS COMPLETE, THE
WOMEN ARE FINALLY VIEWED AS
ADULT AND ELIGIBLE FOR MARRIAGE
AND START A FAMILY.
KENYA
FOR THE MASAI WOMEN OF
KENYA, IT'S ALL ABOUT THE
EARLOBES-THEY PIERCE
THEM AND THEN STRETCH
THEM OUT, USING
MATERIALS LIKE SLICES OF
ELEPHANT TUSK.
SOMETIMES, THEY EVEN
REMOVE THE TWO MIDDLE
TEETH FROM THEIR BOTTOM
JAW AND SHAVE THEIR
HEADS.
 BEAUTY IS CONSIDERED IMPORTANT
THROUGHOUT HISTORY. THIS IS
BECAUSE THESE FEATURES INDICATE
YOUTH, HEALTH, GOOD GENES, AND
FERTILITY. BEAUTY IS IMPORTANT IN ALL
SOCIETIES. ATTRACTIVE PEOPLE HAVE A
LOT OF ADVANTAGES IN LIFE. FOR
EXAMPLE, MEN TEND TO SEEK
ATTRACTIVE WOMEN AS MATES. STUDIES
HAVE SHOWN THAT MEN AND WOMEN
WHO ARE PHYSICALLY ATTRACTIVE HAVE
MORE OPPORTUNITIES SUCH AS JOB
PROMOTION, AND INCOME. ALSO,
PEOPLE TEND TO VIEW ATTRACTIVE
PEOPLE AS GOOD, HAPPIER, SMARTER,
AND BETTER PEOPLE. GENERALLY,
THE SPIRITUAL
SELF
LESSON
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
1. Demonstrate understanding of the
spiritual self;
2. Explain the importance of spirituality
in one's life,
3. Discuss how spirituality is connected
to religion;
4. Describe how spirituality develops;
and
5. Identify the different spiritual beliefs
 SPIRITUAL
Spirituality is the quality or state of being concerned with
religion or religious matters. It came from latin word
"spiritus", meaning breathe or life force. Spirituality can be
understood as a search for the sacred, a process through
which people seek to discover, transform whatever they
hold sacred in their lives. The sacred could refer to God and
transcendence.

The term "spirituality" was originally developed in early

Christianity. Christians use the term "spirit" to describe the
Holy Spirit. In Christian Ethics, the experience of the sacred
is characterized by reverence, faith, fear, love and
admiration which is intimately connected to God. Worship is
regarded as an essential act to realize the ultimate meaning
of transcendence and human life
The Spiritual self is the most intimate, inner subjective
part of the self because of the satisfaction experience
when thinking of someone's ability to argue and
discriminate of one's moral serisibility and conscience,
and of our unconquerable will is purer than other
sentiments of satisfaction. The ability to use moral
sensibility and conscience may be seen through the
expressions of religion, ts belief, and practices. In the
same manner, cultural rituals and ceremonies are some
manifestations of what people believe in. Moreover,
seeking the meaning of life that the spiritual self is on

Understanding and nurturing the spiritual self is as

important as the other aspects of the self. Understanding
and developing awareness of the spiritual self gives the
person a feeling of oneness with God and the universe. It
also gives a deeper purpose or meaning of one's life.
Religion recognizes the importance of spirituality in one's
life. It's central function to know God. Religious beliefs
and practices make people close to God.
RITUAL RITUALS, ON THE OTHER HAND, IS
THE PERFORMANCE OF CEREMONIAL
ACTS PRESCRIBED BY AT TRADITION
OF SACRED LOW (BRITANNICA, 2017).
IT IS A SPECIFIC OBSERVABLE MODE
OF BEHAVIOR EXHIBITED BY ALL
KNOWN SOCIETIES. IT IS POSSIBLE TO
VIEW RITUAL AS A WAY OF DEFINING
OR DESCRIBING HUMANS
PARTICIPATION TO RITUALS IS
EXPRESSIONS RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.
THE FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF RITUAL ARE
1. A feeling or emotion of respect,
awe, fascination, or dread in relation
to the sacred.
2. Dependence upon a belief system
that is usually expressed in the
language of myth. 3 Being symbolic
according to its reference.
Rebecca Stein (2011) defined religion, on "as a set of
cultural beliefs and practices that usually includes some
or all of basic characteristics." These characteristics are:
1. A belief in anthropomorphic supernatural being such as
spirits and gods.
2. A focus on the sacred supernatural where sacred refers
to a feeling of reverence and awe
3. The presence of supernatural power or energy that is
found on supernatural beings as well as physical beings
and objects.
4. The performance of ritual activities that involves the
manipulation of sacred objects to communicate to
supernatural beings and/or to influence or control events.
5. The articulation of world view and moral codes to
narratives and other means
6. Provide the creation and maintenance of social bonds
and mechanism of social control within a community;
provide explanation for unknown and a sense of control
for individuals,
 RELIGIOUS
BELIEFS
AROUND THE
W OR L D
 1.
H I S M
Buddhism believes that life is not a bed of

BU D D
roses. Instead, there will be suffering and pain
When people suffer, they want to experience
the goodness of life and avoid disappointments.
It became a habit known as the reactive cycle
of wanting and hat ng, like and dislike, and
craving and aversion. This cycle can only be
broken through meditation, acquiring more
 TWO TYPES OF MEDITATION
Samatha-mindfulness of breathing and development of loving kindness
Vipassana - insight into reality by studying Buddha's teaching-Dharma
 MAJOR CELEBRATIONS
Paninirvana Day in February
Buddha day (Wesak) in May
Dharma Day in July
Padmasambhava Day in October
Sangha Day in November
 2.
I T
Christians believe in the Trinitarian God. They

C H R I S T I A N
believe in one God in three (3) personas: the
Father (Creator), God the Son (Savior), and God
the Holy Spirit (Sustainer). Eternal life after
death will be achieved through faith in Jesus

Y
Christ, God the Son, who came into flesh to
spread the good news of salvation, died in the
cross for the sin, and resurrected. The Holy bible
is a selection of book divided into two; (1) Old
 CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
Sacrament of Baptism that symbolizes the birth in Christian worlf
Sacrament of Communion is the act of remembrance of Jesus Christ sacrificial
lamb.
 MAJOR CELEBRATIONS
Christmas Day on December
Easter Sunday on March or April
 3.
M
Hinduism covers a wide range of

HI N D U I
traditionalS beliefs and
groups; thus, there is no single
religious

founder or leader. Hindus believe

that existence is a cycle of birth,
death, and rebirth governed by
KARMA. Vedas are sacred scriptures
 TWO IMPORTANT TEXT
Mahabarata and Ramayana
MAJOR CELEBRATIONS
DIWALI FESTIVAL - FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS
NAVRATI - FESTIVAL OF NINE NIGHTS
 4 . I S L A M
Muslims believe in Allah, who is their "One God".
They believe in unity and universality of God,
Muslims also have a strong sense of community
called "ummah", Islam means willing submission
to God. Muslim believe that Mohammed, born in
Mecca, s last and final prophet sent by God. Holy
book of Islam is Quran which was taught to be
recited in Arabic because any translation is
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
1. Shahadah - the statement
of faith.
2. SAlat- rayer that is
practiced five times a day
3. Zakat - monetary offering
for the benefit of the poor
4. Haj - yearly pilgrimage to
Mecca
5. Sawm - fasting that may
range from food, drinks, and
sexual act during celebration
of Ramadan
 MAJOR CELEBRATIONS
-eidul-Fil - End of Ramadan
-Eidul-Adha-celebrated within the completion of the pilgrimage - Hajj
5. J U DA I S M
The Jews believe in the God of Abraham, the same
God that liberated the Hebrew slaves from Egypt
to Canaan, the Promised (and through the
leadership of Moises and later joshua. Also, they
believe in the coming of Messiah, the Savior. The
scared scripture of the Jews called Torah or the
law.
MAJOR CELEBRATIONS
ROSH HASHANAH
- NEW YEAR
Yom - Day of
Atonement
Pesach -Passover
Shavuot -
Pentecost
Socks -
Tabernacles
T H ANK
YOU