DAC 641

Building Information Modelling-II

Abhishek Raj Singh, PhD (IITB), PDF

(IISc)
Assistant Professor, School of Construction
 • Recap Lecture 1

• Headway to Strategic
Implementation
Table of • BIM standards and protocols –BIM
Content mandates
• BIM coordination in multi-disciplinary
s teams

2
 History of BIM [1]

1995: 2000: Building

Generic Information
Building Modelling
1985:Building Model
1975: Building Product Model
Description
Systems

1977: Graphical
Language for
Interactive Design

[1] A. L. Aryani et. al. “The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Definition,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, pp. 625–630, 2014.

3
 Building Information Modelling
What it is: (BIM) What it is NOT:
• Process, underpinned by new
technology and collaborative • New
working. [1] • Just an IT product or software
• BIM is a modeling technology
and associated set of • 2D CAD, 3D Model, Attribute Data
processes to produce,
• Replacement of traditional roles
communicate, and analyze
building models. [2] • Only for large projects
• BIM: Use of a shared digital
representation of a built asset • A one-time effort
to facilitate design, • Only for Designers, Constructors,
construction and operation
processes to form a reliable Facility Managers, etc.
basis for decisions.[3]
• Technological Process that
emphasize primarily on the
process aided with
technology
[1] Building Design, “Investing in BIM: A Guide for Architects,” 2014
[2] C. Eastman et, al. BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. 2018.
[3] ISO •19650-1:2018
4
BIM (RECAP)
 Why BIM? [1]

Shared Project Model

Information “Chaos”

[1] A. L. Aryani et. al. “The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Definition,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, pp. 625–630, 2014.

5
 Why BIM?
[1]
• 3D design data + Attribute data
i.e. sufficiently complete set of information about a product which is formal (and thus
computer- processable), consistent, non-ambiguous and non-redundant
• Reduced inefficiency and waste
• Seamless exchange, integration & management of project information
• Information transparency resulting less errors
• Collaboration between stakeholders
• Streamlining of fragmented work processes in construction
• Achieve improvements in productivity & quality
• Useful for Lifecycle Management

[1] A. L. Aryani et. al. “The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Definition,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, pp. 625–630, 2014.

6
 Who needs BIM?
• Designers
• Project Managers
• Construction Engineers
• Project Consultants
• Facility Managers
• Owners

• Workmen??

• All project stakeholders

[1] A. L. Aryani et. al. “The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Definition,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, pp. 625–630, 2014.

7
 Current Status of BIM? [1]

Region/Continent BIM Adoption Brief Characteristic

Region/Continent BIM Adoption Brief Characteristic
In the US, BIM is mandatory since 2008-a
definite leader in BIM adoption. In Canada, Unlike many Far East countries, BIM
the BIM adoption program has been running adoption in the Middle East is low.
North America
from 2014 to today. North America The Middle East Individual projects are implemented, but there
apparently ranked as the most advanced are no specific actions for the adoption of BIM
continent in every approach. in individual countries of the Middle East.
It is planned to introduce BIM obligatory
South and Central
in government projects in the years
America South African government's growth targets in
2020-2022 in a few countries.
respect of technology usage in South Africa
Open BIM standards and mandate in a few would be beneficial to BIM stakeholders.
countries (especially in Scandinavian However, there is a lack of efforts to
countries and Great Britain), many countries adopt BIM on the continent. Only
Europe
are preparing to introduce BIM standards representatives of architecture, engineering
Africa
or to make BIM obligatory in public and construction (AEC) recommended the
procurement. adoption of BIM techniques in Egypt, starting
with the acquisition of full awareness of
Korea and Hong Kong are becoming the BIM framework, different levels and
leaders in the region, China and Japan BIM stages also in the perspective of the
have great government support in entire life cycle of construction projects.
Asia implementing BIM standards. The level
of adoption on the continent, however, must Mandate in place in Australia, in New
be assessed low, despite these four strong Australia and
Zealand there is government support
leaders. Oceania
and significant BIM promotion.
[1] K. Zima, E. Plebankiewicz, and D. Wieczorek, “A SWOT analysis of the use of BIM technology in the polish construction industry,” Buildings, vol. 10, 2020.

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 Current Status of BIM?

[1] C. Eastman, P. Teicholz, R. Sacks, and K. Liston, BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. 2018.

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 Current Status of BIM?
Maturity Level [1]
• Level 0: Unmanaged CAD
This is likely to be 2D, with information being shared by traditional paper drawings or in
some instances, digitally via PDF, essentially separate sources of information covering
basic asset information.
• Level 1: This typically comprises a mixture of 3D CAD for concept work, and 2D for
drafting of statutory approval documentation and production information. Models are
not shared between project team members.

[1] C. Eastman, P. Teicholz, R. Sacks, and K. Liston, BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. 2018.

10
 Current Status of BIM?
Maturity Level [1]
• Level 2: Collaborative working—all parties use their own 3D models, but they are not
working on a single, shared model. Design information is shared through a common
file format. Hence any software that each party uses must be capable of exporting to
a common file format such as IFC (Industry Foundation Class) or COBie (Construction
Operations Building Information Exchange). This is the method of working that
was set as a minimum target by the UK government for all work on public-
sector work, by 2016.
• Level 3: Full collaboration between all disciplines by means of using a single, shared
project model that is held in a centralized repository. All parties can access and
modify that same model, and the benefit is that it removes the final layer of risk for
conflicting information.
[1] C. Eastman, P. Teicholz, R. Sacks, and K. Liston, BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. 2018.

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 Current Status of BIM in India?
PIB: For complex infrastructure projects in India, BIM adoption can reduce the average project
delays of 39 months, reduce infrastructure construction costs up to 30 per cent, maintenance
costs up to 20 per cent, information and systemic inefficiencies up to 20 per cent,
construction sector related carbon emission up to 38 per cent, etc..

BIM is now being extensively utilized and leveraged by some ministries and departments like the
National Capital Region Transport Corporation, all metro rail corporation, select complex
industrial and tourism projects, various airports, along with organisation-wise acceptance
at Central Public Works Department and extensive digitalisation in the form of Data Lake
across NHAI that is now being extended to the entire Ministry of Road Transport &
Highways. [1]

Faster Adoption of Building Information Modelling

A programme has been initiated with Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, UK
Government (FCDO) for faster adoption of digitalization and information sharing in construction sector.
The programme targets extensive stakeholders’ interaction for infrastructure construction sector and
has a huge potential in terms of time and cost savings throughout infrastructure project lifecycles.
Three workshops have been held so far and a draft road map has been prepared. [2]

[1] Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India; Adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) To Reduce Project Delays, Construction Costs And Systemic Inefficiencies: Economic Survey 2023-24 ;
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2034917, accessed on: July 20, 2024.
[2] NITI Aayog, Govt. of India; Annual Report 2022-23, Section-VII Sectoral Achievements: Managing Urbanization, 12
https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-02/Annual-Report-2022-2023-English_06022023_compressed.pdf , accessed on: July 20, 2024.
 Dimensions to BIM
Dimension Representation Implementation

Sketching/ Drafting/
Drawings/ Plans/
2D[1] Computer Aided Design
Elevation
(CAD)

Models/ Prototypes 3D CAD

3D[1] Model/Prototypes +
BIM
Data

4D[1,2] 3D+ Time Scheduling

Estimation and Project

5D[1,2] 4D+ Cost
Performance

6D[1,2] 5D+ Sustainability Energy Management

7D[1,2] 6D+ Asset Management Facility Management

[1] A. C. Badrinath, Y. Chang, and S. Hsieh, “A Review of Tertiary BIM Education for Advanced Engineering
Communication with Visualization,” Vis. Eng., vol. 4, pp. 1–17, 2016.
[2] M. Das, J. C. Cheng, and S. S. Kumar, “Social BIMCloud: A distributed cloud-based BIM platform for object-based 13
 With/ Without BIM
[1]

[1] E. Krygiel and J. Vandezande, Mastering Autodesk Revit Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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 Advantages of BIM?
Advantages are not limited to [1]
• Concept & Feasibility Analysis: Visualization aided decision making (3D, 4D, 5D)
• Improved design process (Accurate and Consistent): Parametric Modelling
• Seamless information exchange: Interoperability
• Coordination and Collaboration
• Improved Process Efficiency: Time and Cost Savings
• Reduced Wastage: Decrease in rework
• Better operation and asset management

• Optioneering

[1] C. Eastman, P. Teicholz, R. Sacks, and K. Liston, BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors. 2018.

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 QUIZ on Lecture 1
Question 1: What does BIM stand for? Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of BIM?
a) Building Interactive Model a) Enhances collaboration
b) Building Information Management b) Produces 2D CAD drawings only
c) Building Information Modeling c) Supports lifecycle management
d) Building Infrastructure Model d) Improves accuracy and reduces errors

Question 3: Which of the following levels of BIM involves full collaboration using a single, shared project model? Question 4: BIM is primarily a combination of which two elements?
a) Level 0 a) Technology and Data
b) Level 1 b) Technology and Collaboration
c) Level 2 c) Collaboration and Data
d) Level 3 d) Technology and Software
Question 5: Which dimension of BIM adds the element of time scheduling? Question 6: What was the minimum level of BIM maturity set as a
target by the UK government for public-sector work by 2016?
a) 3D
a) Level 0
b) 4D
b) Level 1
c) 5D
c) Level 2
d) 6D
d) Level 3
Question 7: Mark the correct statement(s), BIM is Not Question 8: Which of the following is a benefit of using BIM?
a) for small projects a) Increased inefficiency and waste
b) only for designers, constructors, and facility managers b) Fragmentation of work processes
c) A one-time effort c) Enhanced information transparency
d) for collaboration among stakeholders d) Limited collaboration

Question 9: Who among the following stakeholders needs BIM? (Mark the most appropriate) Question 10: Write your understanding of BIM and elaborate
on its principles (using 5W1H).
a) Designers and Workmen
Principle 1: Collaboration and Integration.
b) Project Managers and Project Management Consultants
Principle 2: Information Sharing and Transparency.
c) Owners and Facility Managers
Principle 3: Data Accuracy and Consistency.
d) All project stakeholders
Principle 4: Lifecycle Approach

[1] E. Krygiel and J. Vandezande, Mastering Autodesk Revit Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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 Strategic Implementation
• BIM Strategic Implementation involves a well-thought-out plan that aligns BIM
technology with organizational objectives.
• Integrating BIM tools/ platforms/ software with the organisation’s objectives.

[1] E. Krygiel and J. Vandezande, Mastering Autodesk Revit Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

17
 Develop a BIM Project
Execution Plan (BEP),
[1,2]
Why?
• Stakeholders will clearly understand and • The plan will provide a benchmark for
communicate the strategic goals for describing the process to future
implementing BIM on the project participants who join the project
• Organizations will understand their • The purchasing divisions will be able to
roles and responsibilities in the define contract language to ensure that
implementation all project participants fulfill their
• The team will be able to design an obligations
execution process which is well suited • The baseline plan will provide a goal
for each team member’s business for measuring progress throughout the
practices and typical organizational project.
workflows
• The plan will outline additional
resources, training, or other
competencies necessary to
successfully implement BIM for the
intended uses
[1] https://www.nibs.org/nbims/v4.
[1]
•
[2] Messner et. al., BIM Project Execution Planning Guide (ver 2.2), Penn state university,
18
 Develop a BEP, How?

• Goals: performance based like reducing

the duration, higher field productivity,
increasing quality, reducing the cost of
change orders, or obtaining important
operational data for the facility. [1,2]
• Design BEP: sequencing and interaction
between the primary BIM uses, allowing all
team members to understand how
their work processes interact with the
processes performed by other team
members. [1,2]
• Information Exchange: between project
participants for each transaction to clearly
understand the information content. [1,2]
• Supporting Infrastructure: include
contact language, communication & QC
procedures, technology infrastructure, etc.
[1] https://www.nibs.org/nbims/v4. [1,2]
19
[2] Messner et. al., BIM Project Execution Planning Guide (ver 2.2), Penn state university,
What Information should Who should develop BEP?
[1,2] [1,2]
BEP include?
• BEP Overview • Planning team should be assembled in the
early stages of a project comprising
• Goals/Objectives representatives of:
• Project Information – Owners
• Process Design – Designers
– Contractors
• Key Project Contacts – Engineers
• Roles and Staffing – Facility Managers
• Data Requirements – Specialty Contractors

• Information Exchange
• QC Procedures
• Technology Infrastructure Needs
• Deliverables
• Strategy/ Contracts
[1] https://www.nibs.org/nbims/v4.
20
[2] Messner et. al., BIM Project Execution Planning Guide (ver 2.2), Penn state university,
 Let’s go to a trip

• As a BIM Execution Planner, create a comprehensive

two-day trip plan from NICMAR to Lonavala based on the
structure of BIM Execution Plan (BEP).
–Include all aspects of BEP like:
• goals, design BEP, Information exchange & supporting
infrastructure.

[1] ISO 19650- Part 1- 2018

[2] Preidel, C., A. Borrmann, H. Mattern, M. König, and S. Schapke. 2018. “Common Data Environment.” Build. Inf. Model., 279–291. Cham: Springer International Publishing .
21
 Information Requirements
• Hierarchy of information
requirements[1]

In this figure, “encapsulates” means “provides the input to”, “contributes to”
means “provides an input to”, “specifies” means “determines the content,
structure and methodology”.
[1] ISO 19650- Part 1- 2018

22
 Information Requirements
Information requirements varies stakeholder to stakeholder,
resulting in information Chaos.

This sometimes requires Cipher and Decipher.

Owner’s Task: Decode the three-word sentence with the

documentation submitted by the stakeholders.

Understand Complexity
Consider every stakeholder having own code.

[1] ISO 19650- Part 1- 2018

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 Standards
• What are standards?
• A standard is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or
characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products,
processes and services are fit for their purpose.

• Why do we need standards?

• A common and best practice rulebook [1,2]
– Improve systems and processes
– Reduces wastes and ensure consistency
• Ensures performance compliance

• Which international standard to refer for BIM?

• ISO-19650
• Are there any other?
– NBIM standard USA, Singapore BIM guide, CIC BIM protocol,

[1] ISO 19650- Part 1- 2018

[2] ISO 19650- Part 2- 2018
24
 History of ISO 19650
[1]

[1] A. L. Aryani et. al. “The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Definition,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, pp. 625–630, 2014.

25
 History of ISO 19650
[1]

[1] ISO 19650, 2018

26
 History of ISO 19650 [1]

[1] A. L. Aryani et. al. “The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) Definition,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 567, pp. 625–630, 2014.

27
 If not New, What has changed? [1]

• Necessary changes in terminology and language to turn UK documents into international

documents
• Lifecycle information principles
• cover both project delivery and asset operation parts of an asset lifecycle
• Information Management Process – Delivery Phase
• articulate the information management process, workflows and procedures from
“Appointing project information management roles” through to “Project close out”
• BIM Maturity
• maturity of analogue and digital information management with ISO 19650 referencing
a container‐based collaborative working approach
• Responsibility Matrix
• improved clarification around the concept of the responsibility matrix with two types:
one to assign information management activities, the other to allocate
responsibility for the delivery teams’ information delivery
• Level of Information Need (LOIN)
• with a focus on information models structured repositories of all information
needed for making decisions during the whole life cycle of a built environment
[1] BIM inasset
accordance with BS EN ISO 19650, https://bimarchive.scottishfuturestrust.org.uk/level1/stage/8/task/68 , accessed on: July 26 2024
th

28
 If not New, What has changed? [1]

• Common Data Environment (CDE)

• The ISO refers to CDE states instead of CDE areas, and to information container
suitability instead of status
• Risk Management
• The ISO has more explicit requirements to consider risks associated with the timely
delivery of information and the need to undertake an assessment of the risks
[2]

[1] BIM in accordance with BS EN ISO 19650, https://bimarchive.scottishfuturestrust.org.uk/level1/stage/8/task/68 , accessed on: July 26th
2024
[2] Konrad Fugas, ISO 19650 terms explained in this simple way, https://bimcorner.com/iso-19650-terms-explained-in-this-simple-way/, 29
accessed on: July 26th 2024
 Central concepts in ISO 19650
• Asset Management (AM):
[1]

FM and AM are different discipline, although both

are concerned with managing physical assets and
services in the built environment. ISO 19650
merges the concepts of facilities management (FM)
and asset management (AM)
• Level of Information Need (LOIN):
Depending on the phase, environment for use, and
timing, the LOIN principles define the extent and
required level of quality, quantity, and granularity of
geometrical information, alphanumeric information,
and documentation to support specific work
performances and professional roles
• CDE
Reliable and stable information flows, satisfying
information needs of well-established roles and
efficient information management are stored and
managed
[1] Godager B, Mohn K, Merschbrock C, Klakegg O J, Huang L (2022). Towards an improved framework for enterprise BIM: the role of ISO 19650, ITcon
Vol. 27, pg. 1075-1103
30
• Information Model = Level of Information (LoI) + Level of Detail
LOIN [1]

(LoD) <PAS 1192>

• Level of Development = LoI + LoD

• The PAS 1192 framework sets out the requirements for the level of model
detail (the graphical content), model information (non-graphical content, such
as specification data), model definition (its meaning) and model information
exchanges.
[2]

[1] Godager B, Mohn K, Merschbrock C, Klakegg O J, Huang L (2022). Towards an improved framework for enterprise BIM: the role of ISO 19650, ITcon
Vol. 27, pg. 1075-1103
[2] LOD = LOD + LOI, evolveConsultancy, https://evolve-consultancy.com/lod-lod-loi/, accessed on 27th July 2024 31
 LOIN based on IS 19650
[1]

[1] Leonovich S.N., Riashi J. 3D modeling for the life cycle of the structure. SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY. 2021;20(1):5-9.
https://doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-1-5-9
32
 Deciphering ISO 19650 [1]

ISO Standard Objective Key Points

ISO 19650-1 Overview of the Establishes ISO Standard Objective Key Points
Concepts and concepts and general principles, ISO 19650-4 Requirements for the Specifies format,
Principles principles for defines key terms, exchange of structure, and quality of
Information Exchange
managing emphasizes information throughout exchanges, ensures
information using collaboration and the asset life cycle. consistency, introduces
BIM within the structured templates, and covers
context of ISO information, data security.
19650. introduces CDE. ISO 19650-5 Security aspects of Guidelines for a
ISO 19650-2 Management of Details processes Security-minded information security-minded
Delivery Phase of information during for information Approach to management in the approach, mitigating
the Assets the delivery phase management, Information context of BIM. risks, protecting
of assets. covers EIR and Management sensitive data, and
AIR. roles and ensuring secure
responsibilities, information exchanges.
and guidelines for ISO 19650-6 Ensures health and Defines collaborative
information safety information is sharing and digitization
Organisation and
models. classified, shared, and of health and safety
Digitisation Of
ISO 19650-3 Information Focuses on post- Information about delivered information, prioritizes
management delivery information Buildings and Civil collaboratively for safety-critical risks, and
Operational Phase of
requirements during management, Engineering Works various benefits. management
the Assets
the operational maintenance, asset framework.
phase of assets. management, and
accurate information
for efficient
[1] ISO 19650- 2018 operations.
33
 Deciphering ISO 19650 [1]

• Figure shows the general information

management life cycle for operational
assets and project delivery, and the
relationship between these two distinct
parts of the asset life cycle, within ISO
standards 9001 (quality management) and
19650.
• The Figure shows ‘A’, the start of the delivery
phase which, in an asset life cycle, refers to the
asset information model requirements’ impact on
the design, construction and commissioning of
that asset. It also shows ‘B’ as the phase with
progressive development of the design intent
model into a virtual construction model, as part of
a ‘digital twin’ – the digital replica of the physical
system. ‘C’ shows that handover is a bridge
between the construction process and the
operational
[1] ISO 19650: Part 1 phase.
34
 Saviour in ISO 19650 [1]

[1] ISO 19650: Part 1

35
 Common Data Environment
• How [1,2]

If not with CDE

With CDE
[1] https://www.autodesk.com/autodesk-university/article/ISO-19650-Common-Data-Environment-and-Autodesk-Construction-Cloud (accessed on: April 24th, 2024)
[2] Preidel, C., A. Borrmann, H. Mattern, M. König, and S. Schapke. 2018. “Common Data Environment.” Build. Inf. Model., 279–291. Cham: Springer International Publishing .
36
 Lecture 2 Summary

[1]

37
 Additional Recommended Read
• https://bimcorner.com/22-terms-in-bim-you-should-know/

• https://bimcorner.com/iso-19650-terms-explained-in-this-simple-way/

[1]

38
Thank you!

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