Gyan Vihar School of Engineering & Technology

DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING

Presented By:
Md Zaid Khan
( Teaching Assistant)
Subject : Strength of Materials
Course Code : DCE 203
Branch : Diploma Civil Engineering
Semester :- III
Batch 2024-2025 (July-Dec)
 Solutions to Beam Deflection: Methods and Applications

•Course Objective: Understand the various methods for solving

beam deflection problems.
•Course Outcomes:
•Ability to apply different methods to calculate beam deflections.
•Understanding of the advantages and limitations of each
method.
•Application of beam deflection solutions in engineering
problems.
Double Integration Method
•Steps:
• Determine the bending moment equation.
• Integrate the bending moment equation twice to obtain the deflection
equation.
• Apply boundary conditions to solve for the constants of integration.
Macaulay's Method
•Steps:
• Write the bending moment equation as a piecewise function.
• Integrate the bending moment equation twice using Macaulay's
brackets.
• Apply boundary conditions to solve for the constants of integration.
Moment Area Method
•Assumptions:
• Small deflection theory
• Linear elastic material
• Constant cross-section
•Steps:
• Draw the bending moment diagram.
• Calculate the area under the bending moment diagram.
• Use the moment area theorems to determine deflection and slope.
Superposition Method
•Principle: The deflection at a point due to a combination of loads is the sum
of the deflections due to each individual load.
•Steps:
• Determine the deflection due to each individual load.
• Sum the deflections to obtain the total deflection.
Deflection of Common Beam Configurations
•Simply supported beam with point load:
• Deflection at the midpoint: PL³/48EI
•Cantilever beam with point load:
• Deflection at the free end: PL³/3EI
•Overhanging beam with point load:
• Deflection at the free end: PL³/3EI (for the overhang)
•Other configurations: Use the appropriate method to solve for deflection.
Deflection of Beams Under Various Loads
•Point load: Use the double integration method or Macaulay's method.
•Uniformly distributed load: Use the double integration method or Macaulay's
method.
•Concentrated load: Use the double integration method or Macaulay's method.
Applications of Beam Deflection Solutions
•Structural design: Ensuring that the deflection of beams does not exceed allowable
limits.
•Machine design: Designing machine components to withstand deflections.
•Material testing: Determining the modulus of elasticity of materials.
Slide 9: Case Studies: Beam Deflection Solutions
Summary and Conclusion
•Summary: Review of the different methods for solving beam deflection problems.
•Conclusion: Importance of understanding beam deflection solutions in engineering
applications.
15 Multiple Choice Questions:
1.What is the term for the vertical displacement of a beam from its original position?
1. a) Slope
2. b) Deflection
3. c) Curvature
4. d) Moment
5. Answer: b) Deflection
2.What is the differential equation of the elastic curve for a beam?
•a) EI(d²y/dx²) = M
•b) EI(d²y/dx²) = V
•c) EI(d²y/dx²) = P
•d) EI(d²y/dx²) = Q
•Answer: a) EI(d²y/dx²) = M
3.What are the factors affecting beam deflection?
•a) Beam length, cross-section, material properties, loading conditions
•b) Only beam length
•c) Only cross-section
•d) Only material properties
•Answer: a) Beam length, cross-section, material properties, loading conditions
4.What is the maximum deflection of a simply supported beam under
a point load at its midpoint?
•a) PL³/48EI
•b) PL²/48EI
•c) PL³/3EI
•d) PL²/3EI
•Answer: a) PL³/48EI
5.What is the maximum deflection of a cantilever beam under a point
load at its free end?
•a) PL³/3EI
•b) PL²/3EI
•c) PL³/48EI
•d) PL²/48EI
•Answer: a) PL³/3EI
6.What is the term for the angle of inclination of the tangent to the
deflected beam at any section?
•a) Slope
•b) Deflection
•c) Curvature
•d) Moment
•Answer: a) Slope
7.What is the term for the rate of change of slope of the deflected
beam?
•a) Slope
•b) Deflection
•c) Curvature
•d) Moment
•Answer: c) Curvature
8.What is the term for the bending moment at a section of a beam?
•a) Shear force
•b) Bending moment
•c) Deflection
•d) Slope
•Answer: b) Bending moment
9.What is the term for the force acting perpendicular to the cross-section of a
beam?
•a) Shear force
•b) Bending moment
•c) Deflection
•d) Slope
•Answer: a) Shear force
10.What is the term for the distance between the supports of a beam?
•a) Span
•b) Length
•c) Height
•d) Width
•Answer: a) Span
11.What is the term for the maximum allowable deflection of a beam?
•a) Deflection limit
•b) Deflection criterion
•c) Deflection constraint
•d) Deflection requirement
•Answer: a) Deflection limit
12.What is the term for the ratio of the load applied to a beam to the deflection
produced?
•a) Stiffness
•b) Flexibility
•c) Rigidity
•d) Deflection coefficient
•Answer: b) Flexibility
13.What is the term for the property of a material that resists bending?
•a) Stiffness
•b) Flexibility
•c) Rigidity
•d) Deflection coefficient
•Answer: c) Rigidity
14.What is the term for the relationship between bending moment and
curvature in a beam?
•a) Euler's equation
•b) Bernoulli's equation
•c) Moment-curvature relationship
•d) Deflection equation
•Answer: c) Moment-curvature relationship
15.What is the term for the method of determining beam deflection using
integration?
•a) Double integration method
•b) Macaulay's method
•c) Moment area method
•d) Superposition method
•Answer: a) Double integration method
● Reference Book:

● S. C. Crandall, N. C. Dahl, and T. J. Lardner, An Introduction to the Mechanics of

Solids, 2nd Ed, McGraw Hill, 1978.

● E. P. Popov, Engineering Mechanics of Solids, Prentice Hall, 1990.

● I. H. Shames, Introduction to Solid Mechanics, 2nd Ed, Prentice Hall, 1989.

● S. P. Timoshenko, Strength of Materials, Vols. 1 & 2, CBS publ., 1986.

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Gj653EeL5Bg

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhKOQ3WQhbs