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Serial Communication Devices

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11 views29 pages

Serial Communication Devices

Uploaded by

renachristina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SERIAL COMMUNICATION

DEVICES
INTRODUCTION
• Serial transfer: In serial transfer, data is transfer to device
located many meters away this method is used for long
distance data transfer.

• Parallel transfer: In parallel transfer, data is transferred in 8


or more lines. In this wire conductor is used for transferring
data to a device that is only a few feet away.
• Serial communication is mostly used for transmitting and receiving the
signal.
• The 8051 microcontroller is consisting of Universal Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter (UART) used for serial communication.
• The signals are transmitted and received by the Rx and Tx pins of
microcontroller.
• The UART take individual bytes of data and sends the individual bits in a
sequential manner.
• The registers are used for collecting and storing the data inside a memory.
• UART is based on half-duplex protocol. Half-duplex means transferring
and receiving the data, but not at the same time.
Synchronous Communication
• When a byte (character) or a frame (a collection of bytes) in of
the data is received or transmitted at the constant time
intervals with uniform phase differences, the communication
is called as synchronous.
• Bits of a full frame are sent in a prefixed maximum time
interval.
• Example of synchronous serial communication 
 Frames sent over a LAN
 Data frames communicate with the constant time intervals
between each frame remaining constant.
 Inter-processor communication in a multiprocessor system
Iso-synchronous
• Synchronous communication special case,
when bits of a full frame are sent in the
maximum time interval, which can be variable.
First characteristics of synchronous
communication

1. Bytes (or frames) maintain a constant phase


difference, which means they are
synchronous, i.e. in synchronization

2. No permission of sending either the bytes or


the frames at the random time intervals, this
mode therefore does not provide for
handshaking during the communication
interval ─ This facilitates fast data
communication at pre-fixed bps.
Second characteristics of
synchronous communication

3. A clock ticking at a certain rate has always to


be there for transmitting serially the bits of all
the bytes (or frames) serially. Mostly, the clock
is not always implicit to the synchronous data
receiver. The transmitter generally transmits
the clock rate information
Asynchronous Communication
• Clocks of the receiver and transmitter independent,
unsynchronized, but of same frequency
• Variable phase differences between bytes or bits of two data
frames
• Frames may not be sent within any prefixed time interval.
• Example of asynchronous communication
 UART Serial, Telephone or modem communication.
 RS232C communication between the UART devices
 Each successive byte can have variable time-gap but have
a minimum in-between interval and no maximum limit for
full frame of many bytes
• Two characteristics of asynchronous communication
– 1. Bytes (or frames) need not maintain a constant phase
difference and are asynchronous, i.e., not in
synchronization. There is permission to send either bytes
or frames at variable time intervals─ This facilitates in-
between handshaking between the serial transmitter port
and serial receiver port .
– Though the clock must ticking at a certain rate always has
to be there to transmit the bits of a single byte (or frame)
serially, it is always implicit to the asynchronous data
receiver and is independent of the transmitter
• Clock Features  The transmitter does not transmit (neither
separately nor by encoding using modulation) along with the
serial stream of bits any clock rate information in the
asynchronous communication and receiver clock thus is not
able to maintain identical frequency and constant phase
difference with transmitter clock
Protocol
• Protocol is a standard adopted,which tells the
way in which the bits of a frame must be sent
from a device (or controller or port or
processor) to another device
• IO port bits sent after first formatted according
to a specified protocol, which is to be followed
when communicating with another device
through an IO port or channel or system
• HDLC, Frame Relay, for synchronous
communication
• For asynchronous transmission from a device port-
RS232C, UART, X.25, ATM, DSL and ADSL
• For networking the physical devices in
telecommunication and computer networks Ethernet
and token ring protocols used in LAN networks
Protocols in embedded network devices
• For Bridges and routers
• Internet appliances application protocols and Web protocols
─HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol), HTTPS (hyper text
transfer protocol Secure Socket Layer), SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol), POP3 (Post office Protocol version
3),ESMTP (Extended SMTP)
File transfer, Boot Protocols in embedded devices network
 TELNET (Tele network),
 FTP (file transfer protocol),
 DNS (domain network server),
 IMAP 4 (Internet Message Exchange
 Application Protocol) and
 Bootp (Bootstrap protocol).
RS232 Communication
UART
HDLC PROTOCOL

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