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Basics of Fixed-Wing UAVs

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27 views60 pages

Basics of Fixed-Wing UAVs

Uploaded by

jini.raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Fixed Wing

UAVs
Overvie
w
● BASICS OF AN AIRCRAFT
● CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF AIRCRAFTS
● STRUCTURE AND PARTS OF AN AIRCRAFT
● AIRFOIL NOMENCLATURE
● DETAILED STUDY ON VARIOUS PARTS OF AN
AIRCRAFT
● BASICS OF FLIGHT MECHANICS AND FLIGHT
CONTROLS
● MECHANICS OF FIXED WING UAV
● PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
● CONCEPT OF STABILITY
● UAV DESIGN ILLUSTRTRATIVE EXAMPLE
What is an
Aircraft?

A MACHINE THAT I S CAPABLE OF


FLIGHT
What is fixed wing
UAV?

Fixe
Multirot Hybri
d
or Win d
g
What is fixed wing
UAV?
A Fixed wing UAV, is
an aircraft that operates
without an onboard
human pilot. Instead, it
is controlled remotely
by a human operator or
autonomously through
pre-programmed flight
paths.

Wing Span: 82ft


(25m)
CLASSIFICATION OF
AIRCRAFTS
Weight
Lighter than air/Heavier than Air

Source of lift
Fixed wing/Rotary wing/Lifting body

Size
RC aircrafts/ UAV’S such as RQ-4 Global Hawk/ Trainer aircrafts / Fighter
aircrafts/Small sized civil aircrafts such as ATR or Q400/ Medium sized Civil aircrafts
/Heavy Civil or Cargo Aircrafts/ Antonov 225
CLASSIFICATION OF
AIRCRAFTS
Source of thrust / Powerplant
Propeller /Jet engine / Rocket engine powered /
Electric

Operational Speed
Subsonic/Supersonic/Hypersonic

Field of application
Military/Civil/Experimental
BASIC
STRUCTURE
AND PARTS OF
AN AIRCRAFT
BASIC STRUCTURE AND
PARTS OF AN
AIRCRA
FT
WI
NG
AIRFOIL NOMENCLATURE
WING
PLANFOR
MS
PLANFORMS

Rectangu Tapere
lar d

Swe Elliptic
pt al
Delt
a
VERTICAL
WING
LOCATION
¢. ČO¥
FLAT
DIHEDRAL
ANHEDR
AL
Gull
Wing
POLYI•1EDRA
L

DIHEORA
L
GULL
WING

ANHEORA
L
Empennage
VARIOUS
TAIL
ARRANGEME
NTS
T-TAIL
Airplane Toil Designs

I I, i
I
Mechanics
of Fixed
Wing
UAVs
LIR
Drag

Thrust
Weig
ht Lift is a
mechanical force
generated by a
solid object moving
CONTROL SURFACES
Concept of Lift
Flight
Performance
Factors Influencing Flight
Performance

○ Aerodynamics
○ Weight and Balance
○ Powerplant Efficiency
○ Range
○ Endurance
○ Payload Capacity
D3/r1D8/
e2r0e2k4Bray,
DAPS

Stabili
ty ● Relates to initial tendency of body to
return to equilibrium starting position
or not.

Cone on Cone on side Cone on point


base Neutral static Statically
Statically stability unstable
● Dynamic stability relates to
stable

subsequent time history of


motions (see later). 4
5
Static Stability -
Examples

Positive static Negative static


stability stability

Neutral static
stability
4
6
Fixed Wing
Design
with an Illustrative
Example
Mission
Requirements 1)Maximum take-off weight 10kg
2) 15 min minimum flight time required
3) Dimensions of Payload box
20x15x12.5 cm
4) UAV having autonomous capabilities
5) Waypoint planning
6) Portable/Compact
7) Payload dropping mechanism
8) Power off autonomous gliding (from
350ft)
9) Camera, Onboard computer
Conceptual Design
The Hybrid design was chosen as multirotor won’t be
able to do the power off gliding and fixed wing UAV
won’t be good in gusty conditions.

Wing Configuration –
High winger with
powered glider aspect
ratio.

Pusher configuration was chosen as we need to


mount airspeed sensor and camera at in the
front part.
Airfoil Analysis
Win
gWe will use CLARK X
▫ Better lift distribution.
▫ Drag is less
▫ Lift/Drag ratio is good for
better gliding.
▫ It has predictable and
gentle stall characteristics.
Fusela
ge ● A center body section to which all other
aircraft component are joined and
accommodate all the electronic
component.

● Shape of fuselage chosen is the


elliptical, combination of both cylinder
and sphere. Cylindrical (Higher
strength and weighs less) Spherical
(Best pressure Vessel)
Inverted V tail
Empennage ● Less structural weight
● Produces less induced and
H tail parasite drag. When yawing,
● More Stability
creates a relatively large roll
● Easy movement with help of moment.
rotors.
● Greater stress on the rear fuselage
● More efficient(energy).
when pitching and yawing.
● Cost effective.
● Requires complex control system
● Easy to manufacture.
and less failure tolerance.
Initial
Sizing
Wing Design

Wing area = 0.525 m2


Wingspan = 2.05 m
Chord length = 0.2563m = 25.6
cm
Wing loading = 19.027 kg/m
Tail Sizing
Detailed
Sizing
Manufacturi
ng
Description
THAN
K YOU

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