 While the public cloud presents many

advantages, organizations also face a

range of challenges and must
separate cloud computing myths from
realities:
Challeng
 Runaway costs. Increasingly complex
es in cloud costs and pricing models make it
Public difficult for organizations to keep track of
IT spending. The cloud is often cheaper
Cloud than on-premises options, but
organizations sometimes end up paying
more for cloud. Pricey data egress fees
make staying on a cloud budget even
more challenging
  Scarce cloud expertise. Another
challenge is the skills gap among IT
professionals in the cloud computing
industry. Companies struggle to hire and
retain staff with expertise in building and
managing modern cloud applications.
Without this expertise, organizations are
ill-equipped to handle the complexities of
modern IT demands. IT professionals that
Challeng hope to fill these roles can better prepare
for career opportunities by fine-tuning
es in their cloud skills in areas such as
Public architecture, operations and coding.
Cloud  Limited controls. Public cloud users also
face the tradeoff of limited control over
their IT stack since the provider can
decide when and how to manage
configurations. Other public cloud
challenges include data
separation problems due to multi-
tenancy, latency issues for remote end-
users and adherence to industry- and
country-specific regulations.
  Private cloud is an on-demand cloud
deployment model where cloud
computing services and infrastructure are
hosted privately, often within a
company’s own intranet or data
center using proprietary resources and
are not shared with other organizations.
The company usually oversees the
management, maintenance, and
operation of the private cloud. A private
cloud offers an enterprise more control
Private and better security than a public cloud,
Cloud but managing it requires a higher level of
IT expertise.

 Private clouds are cloud

environments solely dedicated to the end
user, usually within the user’s firewall.
Although private clouds traditionally ran
on-premise, organizations are now
building private clouds on rented, vendor-
owned data centers located off-premise.
  Private clouds rely on a handful of various
technologies, but understanding
how virtualization works is the key to
How do understanding how private clouds work. A
private cloud uses virtualization
private technology to combine resources sourced
clouds from physical hardware into shared pools.
 This way, the cloud doesn't have to create
work? environments by virtualizing resources
one at a time from a bunch of different
physical systems. A scripted IT process
can just grab all those resources from a
single source—like a data supermarket.
  Adding a layer of management software
gives administrative control over the
infrastructure, platforms, applications,
How do and data that will be used in the cloud by
helping cloud admins track and optimize
private use, oversee integration points, and
clouds retain or recover data.
 When the final automation layer is added
work? to replace or reduce human interaction
with repeatable instructions and
processes, the self-service component of
the cloud is complete and that bundle of
technologies is now a private cloud..
  Specific security or compliance
needs: For organizations that are subject
to regulatory compliance requirements, a
private cloud may be necessary to
achieve compliance. Similarly, an
organization may choose to use a private
Why a cloud to store sensitive data in order to
retain greater control over security.
private  Technical expertise: Running a private
cloud? cloud requires a higher level of technical
investment and expertise to manage the
added complexity that would be handled
by the cloud provider under a public cloud
model. Enterprises that are confident in
their technical abilities are well placed to
take advantage of a private cloud.
  Predictable resource needs: One of
the foremost benefits of public clouds is
elasticity, or the ability to scale resources
Why a up and down quickly when needs
private fluctuate. However, some organizations
don’t need this elasticity because their
cloud? usage is relatively consistent. For these
organizations, a private cloud can be a
better option.
  There are different types of private clouds
that deliver different services. For
example, when a company uses a private
cloud for infrastructure as a service
(IaaS), the cloud might host storage,
networking, or compute services. Private
Types of clouds can also support platform as a
private service (PaaS) applications, which work
just like regular software applications that
cloud are hosted on a local computer.
 There are also a variety of types of
private cloud hosting options. These
include software-only platforms,
combined software and hardware
packages, and hosted or managed private
clouds. Hosted or managed means the
private cloud server may live on the
customer’s premises or in a vendor’s data
center, but is hosted and sometimes
managed by a vendor.
  Virtual private cloud: This type is
different from conventional private clouds
because the resources in a virtual private
cloud exist in a walled-off area on a public
cloud instead of being hosted on-
premises.
Types of  Hosted private cloud: This type of
private private cloud is hosted by a separate
cloud cloud service provider on-premises or in a
data center, but the server is not shared
with other organizations. The cloud
service provider is responsible for
configuring the network and maintaining
the hardware for the private cloud, as well
as keeping the software updated. This
option provides the best of both worlds
for organizations that require the security
and availability of a private cloud but
prefer not to invest in an in-house data
center.
  Managed private cloud: With this type
of private cloud, a cloud service provider
not only hosts a private cloud for an
organization, but it also manages and
monitors the day-to-day operations of the
private cloud.
Types of
 The cloud service provider may also
private deploy and update additional cloud-based
cloud services such as storage and identity
management or security audits. A
managed private cloud server can save a
company considerable time and IT
resources.
  Total system control, resulting in
stronger security: A private cloud offers
total system control and increased
security through dedicated hardware and
physical infrastructure that’s used
Benefits exclusively by the company that owns it.

of private  Greater performance: Because the

hardware is dedicated and not used by
cloud any other organization, workload
performance for cloud services is never
affected by another company running
resource-intensive workloads on a shared
server or by a public cloud service
outage.
  Long-term cost savings: While it can
be expensive to set up the infrastructure
to support a private cloud, it can pay off
in the long term. If an organization
already has the hardware and network
required for hosting, a private cloud can
be much more cost-effective compared to
Benefits paying monthly fees to use someone
else’s servers on the public cloud.
of private  Scalability: If an organization outgrows
cloud its existing hardware resources, it can
easily add more. If the growth is
temporary or seasonal, an organization
can move to a hybrid cloud solution,
incurring minimal usage fees by using the
public cloud only when necessary.
  Predictable costs: In addition, the costs
of using a public cloud can be very
unpredictable—with a private cloud, costs
are the same each month, regardless of
the workloads an organization is running.
 Better customization: Because
companies have complete control over a
Benefits private cloud, it is much easier to
of private reallocate resources and tailor the cloud
to perform specifically according to
cloud requirements that the company defines.
IT managers have access to every level of
settings in their private cloud
environment—they are not limited by
policies set by public cloud service
providers.
  Private cloud is generally more secure
than public cloud, with one important
caveat: A business must proactively
ensure that security is strong and up to
date in order to reap the benefits of
private cloud. (Most public cloud
Is private providers have the scale and resources to
cloud provide robust security, so businesses
that have doubts about their ability to
more manage their own security may be better
served by public cloud solutions.)
secure
 As long as a business isn’t complacent,
than though, the private cloud offers many
public advantages for security. Since private
clouds are limited to specific physical
cloud? machines, it’s easier to ensure physical
security. They sit behind a perimeter
firewall and are accessed through private,
secure network links (rather than through
the public Internet). And the degree of
control a business has over its private
cloud also makes it easier to achieve
regulatory compliance
  Hybrid cloud is a cloud computing
environment that uses a mix of on-
premises, private cloud and third-
party, public cloud services with
Hybrid orchestration between the two platforms.
Cloud  By allowing workloads to move between
private and public clouds as computing
needs and costs change, hybrid cloud
gives businesses greater flexibility and
more data deployment options.
  Establishing a hybrid cloud requires the
availability of:
 A public infrastructure as a service
(IaaS) platform, such as Amazon Web
Services, Microsoft Azure or Google Cloud
Platform.
Hybrid  The construction of a private cloud, either
on premises or through a hosted private
Cloud cloud provider.
Architectur  And adequate wide area network
e (WAN) connectivity between those two
environments.
 Typically, an enterprise will choose a
public cloud to access compute instances,
storage resources or other services, such
as big data analytics clusters.
  An enterprise has no direct control over the
architecture of a public cloud, so, for a
hybrid cloud deployment, it must architect
its private cloud to achieve compatibility
with the desired public cloud or clouds. This
involves the implementation of suitable
hardware within the data center, including
servers, storage, a local area network (LAN)
and load balancers.

Hybrid  An enterprise must then deploy a

virtualization layer, or a hypervisor, to
Cloud create and support virtual machines (VMs)
Architectur and, in some cases, containers. Then, IT
teams must install a private cloud software
e layer, such as OpenStack, on top of the
hypervisor to deliver cloud capabilities,
such as self-service, automation and
orchestration, reliability and resilience, and
billing and chargeback. A private cloud
architect will typically create a menu of
local services, such as compute instances
or database instances, from which users
can choose.
  The key to create a successful hybrid cloud
is to select hypervisor and cloud software
layers that are compatible with the desired
public cloud, ensuring proper
interoperability with that public cloud's
Hybrid application programming interfaces (APIs)
Cloud and services.
Architectur  The implementation of compatible software
and services also enables instances to
e migrate seamlessly between private and
public clouds. A developer can also create
advanced applications using a mix of
services and resources across the public
and private platforms.
  Hybrid cloud computing enables an
enterprise to deploy an on-premises
private cloud to host sensitive or critical
workloads, and use a third-party public
cloud provider to host less-critical
resources, such as test and development
Hybrid workloads.
cloud  Hybrid cloud is also particularly valuable
benefits for dynamic or highly changeable
workloads. For example, a transactional
and use order entry system that experiences
cases significant demand spikes around the
holiday season is a good hybrid cloud
candidate. The application could run in
private cloud, but use cloud bursting to
access additional computing resources
from a public cloud when computing
demands spike.
  Another hybrid cloud use case is big
data processing. A company, for example,
could use hybrid cloud storage to retain
its accumulated business, sales, test and
other data, and then run analytical
Hybrid queries in the public cloud, which can
scale a Hadoop or other analytics cluster
cloud to support demanding distributed
benefits computing tasks.
and use  Hybrid cloud also enables an enterprise to
use broader mix of IT services. For
cases example, a business might run a mission-
critical workload within a private cloud,
but use the database or archival services
of a public cloud provider.
  Despite its benefits, hybrid cloud
computing can present technical,
business and management challenges.
Private cloud workloads must access and
interact with public cloud providers, so, as
mentioned above, hybrid cloud
requires API compatibility and solid
network connectivity.
Hybrid  For the public cloud piece of a hybrid
cloud cloud, there are potential connectivity
issues, service-level agreements (SLAs)
challenge breaches and other possible service
s disruptions. To mitigate these risks,
organizations can architect hybrid cloud
workloads that interoperate with multiple
public cloud providers. However, this can
complicate workload design and testing.
In some cases, an enterprise needs to
redesign workloads slated for hybrid
cloud to address specific public cloud
providers' APIs.
  Another challenge with hybrid cloud
computing is the construction and
maintenance of the private cloud itself,
which requires substantial expertise from
Hybrid local IT staff and cloud architects.
cloud  The implementation of additional
challenge software, such as databases, helpdesk
systems and other tools can further
s complicate a private cloud. What's more,
the enterprise is fully responsible for the
technical support of a private cloud, and
must accommodate any changes to
public cloud APIs and service changes
over time.
Factors
to  Deployment models available in cloud are
consider private clouds, public clouds and hybrid
clouds. Firstly, companies must develop a
in blueprint which is developed by exploring
Impleme answers for the following questions,
 What is the current state of business and
nting how well it operates today?
Cloud  Where are the efficiencies, gaps, risks,
Computin and opportunities for change?
g  What is the plan to manage change and
achieve the intended ROI?
Services
in
Business
  The public cloud provides a cost-effective
service to business services. Public
service model helps businesses to
understand the missing components in
existing IT portfolio such as outdated
Criteria applications, issues in extra processing,
storage and capacity when needed.
for Public  The major reasons for adopting a public
Clouds cloud model for business are cost, speed
and specialization. The public cloud offers
pay-as-you-go pricing model which gives
substantial savings compared to capital
expenditure (CapEx) and operational
expenditure (OpEx).
  A private cloud is deployed mostly by
very large enterprises and works on the
notion of self-service on premise
infrastructure managed and maintained
by in-house IT. The private cloud can fulfill
both the perspectives of business goals
Criteria and the expanding IT workloads due to
increased business activity.
for
 A private cloud is designed to deliver
Private better service results, improve agility and
Clouds efficiency and improve collaboration
between the various departments within
the organization. A private cloud is
designed to solve many of the IT and
management problems and offers service
availability and centralization of data and
applications.
  Hybrid clouds are a mix of private and
public clouds. Hybrid clouds are often
viewed by enterprises as an ideal solution
to fulfill compliance, avoid vendor lock-ins
and to overcome data security and
privacy issues. Hybrid clouds are also
seen as a strategic option when the
private cloud environment cannot always
Criteria provide the resources required by an
application with unpredictable growth
for patterns.
Hybrid  As the application grows the available
Clouds resources in a private cloud may not be
able to support the growing user base. In
such cases a hybrid cloud is considered
by the organization to own some portion
of the infrastructure and the public cloud
is used for the remaining resources. In
order for a hybrid cloud to be effective,
the company must define policies for
security loopholes.
  A few architectural principles to consider
when implementing cloud for the
business will include aspects such as
 Service Orientation
 Service Foundations for workload
profitability between private and public
models
Selecting  Service Standards are maintained to
a Cloud ensure business operations without
disruptions
Deployme  Ensure Ecosystem alignment to mitigate
nt Model issues in service or resource availability
 Despite the advantages and benefits
offered by the cloud models one should
make a decision on the right model after
carefully weighing the pros and cons and
examine service level agreements (SLA)
carefully before adoption.
  Cloud migration is the process of moving
digital business operations into the cloud.
Cloud migration is sort of like a physical
move, except it involves moving data,
applications, and IT processes from some
data centers to other data centers,
instead of packing up and moving
physical goods. Much like a move from a
smaller office to a larger one, cloud
Cloud migration requires quite a lot of
preparation and advance work, but
Migration usually it ends up being worth the effort,
resulting in cost savings and greater
flexibility.
 Most often, "cloud migration" describes
the move from on-premises or legacy
infrastructure to the cloud. However, the
term can also apply to a migration from
one cloud to another cloud.
  In computing, hardware or software is
considered "legacy" if it is outdated but
still in use. Legacy products and
processes are usually not as efficient or
secure as more up-to-date solutions.
Businesses stuck running legacy systems
are in danger of falling behind their
What is competitors; they also face an increased
risk of data breaches.
legacy
 Legacy software or hardware may
infrastruct become unreliable, may run slowly, or
ure? may no longer be supported by the
original vendor. Windows XP, for instance,
is a legacy operating system: released in
2001, its capabilities have been exceeded
by later releases of Windows, and
Microsoft no longer supports the
operating system by releasing patches or
updates for it.
  Infrastructure includes servers,
networking equipment, applications,
databases, and any other business-critical
software or hardware. Legacy
infrastructure, such as aging servers or
physical firewall appliances, may slow
down a company's business processes. It
may also add more security risks as
original vendors drop support for their
products and stop releasing security
What is patches.
legacy  Legacy infrastructure is typically hosted
infrastruct on-premises, meaning it is physically
located in buildings or on property where
ure? the organization operates. For instance,
many businesses host an on-premises
data center in the same building where
their employees work.
 Companies that rely on on-premises
legacy infrastructure are unable to
experience the benefits of cloud
computing. Because of this, most
enterprises today have made at least a
partial migration to the cloud.
  Scalability: Cloud computing can scale
up to support larger workloads and
greater numbers of users far more easily
than on-premises infrastructure, which
requires companies to purchase and set
up additional physical servers, networking
Benefits of equipment, or software licenses.
migrating  Cost: Companies that move to the cloud
to the often vastly reduce the amount they
spend on IT operations, since the cloud
cloud providers handle maintenance and
upgrades. Instead of keeping things up
and running, companies can focus more
resources on their biggest business needs
– developing new products or improving
existing ones.
  Performance: For some businesses,
moving to the cloud can enable them to
improve performance and the overall user
experience for their customers. If their
application or website is hosted in cloud
data centers instead of in various on-
premises servers, then data will not have
Benefits of to travel as far to reach the users,
migrating reducing latency.
 Flexibility:
to the Users, whether they're
employees or customers, can access the
cloud cloud services and data they need from
anywhere. This makes it easier for a
business to expand into new territories,
offer their services to international
audiences, and let their employees work
flexibly.
  Migrating large databases: Often,
databases will need to move to a different
Main platform altogether in order to function in
the cloud. Moving a database is difficult,
challenges especially if there are large amounts of
data involved. Some cloud providers
of actually offer physical data transfer
migrating methods, such as loading data onto a
hardware appliance and then shipping the
to the appliance to the cloud provider, for
cloud massive databases that would take too
long to transfer via the Internet. Data can
also be transferred over the Internet.
Regardless of the method, data migration
often takes significant time.
  Data integrity: After data is transferred,
the next step is making sure data is intact
and secure, and is not leaked during the
Main process.
challenges  Continued operation: A business needs
of to ensure that its current systems remain
operational and available throughout the
migrating migration. They will need to have some
to the overlap between on-premises and cloud
to ensure continuous service; for
cloud instance, it's necessary to make a copy of
all data in the cloud before shutting down
an existing database. Businesses typically
need to move a little bit at a time instead
of all at once.
  Every business has different needs and
will therefore follow a slightly different
process for cloud migrations. Cloud
providers can help businesses set up their
migration process. Most cloud migrations
will include these basic steps:
How does  Establish goals: What performance
gains does a business hope to see? On
an on- what date will legacy infrastructure be
premises- deprecated? Establishing goals to
measure against helps a business
to-cloud determine if the migration was successful
migration or not.
 Create a security strategy: Cloud
work? cybersecurity requires a different
approach compared to on-premises
security. In the cloud, corporate assets
are no longer behind a firewall, and the
network perimeter essentially does not
exist. Deploying a cloud firewall or a web
application firewall may be necessary.
  Copy over data: Select a cloud provider,
and replicate existing databases. This
should be done continually throughout
How does the migration process so that the cloud
database remains up-to-date.
an on-
 Move business intelligence: This could
premises- involve refactoring or rewriting code (see
to-cloud below). It can be done piecemeal or all at
once.
migration  Switch production from on-premises
work? to cloud: The cloud goes live. The
migration is complete.
  Gartner, a highly influential information
technology research
company, describes 5 options for
organizations migrating to the cloud.
These cloud migration strategies are
What commonly known as the "5 R's":
cloud  Rehost - Rehosting can be thought of as
"the same thing, but on cloud servers".
migration Companies that choose this strategy will
strategy select an IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-
Service) provider and recreate their
should application architecture on that
enterprise infrastructure.
s adopt?  Refactor - Companies that choose to
refactor will reuse already existing code
and frameworks, but run their
applications on a PaaS (Platform-as-a-
Service) provider's platform – instead of
on IaaS, as in rehosting.
  Revise - This strategy involves partially
rewriting or expanding the code base,
then deploying it by either rehosting or
refactoring (see above).
What  Rebuild - To "rebuild" means rewriting
cloud and re-architecting the application from
the ground up on a PaaS provider's
migration platform. This can be a labor intensive
strategy process, but it also enables developers to
take advantage of modern features from
should PaaS vendors.
enterprise  Replace - Businesses can also opt to
discard their old applications altogether
s adopt? and switch to already-built SaaS
(Software-as-a-Service) applications from
third-party vendors.