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FC 02 A Condition Monitoring Electrical Equipment

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31 views28 pages

FC 02 A Condition Monitoring Electrical Equipment

Uploaded by

pramod.psemu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Condition Monitoring

of
Electrical Equipment
Phase I – Module No. FC - 02
CONDITION BASED MAINTENANCE

It is a type of Preventive Maintenance,


initiated as a result of the knowledge of the
condition of selected parameters (such as
insulation resistance, dissipation factor,
polarization, temperature, vibration, material
hardness, mechanical stress etc.), obtained
through routine or continuous monitoring of
such parameters.
CAMTECH, Gwalior
CONDITION MONITORING

Continuous or periodical measurement and


interpretation of data to indicate the healthy
condition of selected item (or of a critical
parameter) to determine the need for maintenance.

CAMTECH, Gwalior
NEED FOR CONDITION MONITORING
 To optimizing safety standards, maximizing operational
efficiency, and enhancing profitability through careful
monitoring of system parameters.
 To predict maintenance needs well in advance, thus
enabling better planning and support services through
monitoring real time data.
 To save money, time, and resources.
 Close observation helps engineer to understand the
equipment better.
CAMTECH, Gwalior
STEPS IN CONDITION MONITORING
 Selection of critical parameters, most indicative of
the health of the equipment.

 Decide the ideal reference values or norms and service-


limits of these parameters.

 Decide the frequency of measurement of the value


of these critical parameters.

 Interpret the observation readings with respect to the


norms.

 Decide the maintenance action & initiate.


CAMTECH, Gwalior
ADVANTAGES OF CONDITION MONITORING
 Reduced forced outage

 Reduced number of maintenance operation

 Reduced human error influence

 Better plan for repair / maintenance/ overhauling


activities
 Better plan for procurement of spares

 Decrease maintenance cost

 Better plan for unit exchange spares


CAMTECH, Gwalior
DISADVANTAGES OF CONDITION
MONITORING
 High cost of purchasing, installation of
condition monitoring equipment & instruments.

 Unpredictable maintenance period affects cost


sharing.

 Increased number of checking, maintenance,


calibration of additional condition monitoring
equipment & instruments. CAMTECH, Gwalior
CONDITION MONITORING OF
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Two basic component of any electrical


equipment are:

 Conductors and

 Insulation
CAMTECH, Gwalior
STRESSES ON INSULATION
Insulating material properties generally get degraded
as it is subjected to following stresses :-

 Electrical

 Thermal

 Mechanical

 Environmental

 Combined
CAMTECH, Gwalior
1. Electrical Stressing Factors
 Voltage variation beyond the permissible limits for
prolonged periods.
 Switching and impulse voltages e.g. frequent start /
stop duty. These are generally 3-4 times the normal
stress levels.
LIFE of Insulation1=
En
where, E = Stress Voltage level
n = A Constant whose value varies from 5-20.
Thus, there is logarithmic fall in life with increase in
electrical stress. CAMTECH, Gwalior
2. Thermal Stressing Factors
Temperature variations of conductors, beyond the
permissible limits for prolonged periods.

Mechanism:

Resistance at temperature ‘t’ is, Rt= Ro(1+αot)

Since, Copper Loss P = I 2R


Resistance
Temperature
Power Loss

Poor joints in conductors can cause hot spots and in


worst case thermal runaway. CAMTECH, Gwalior
3. Mechanical Stressing Factors

 Permanent Stresses - As in case of rotating


machines.

 Occasional Stresses - As a result of


sudden load-changes, short circuit or thermal
creepage, as found in transformers.

 Basically involves physical wear and tear of the


insulating material leading to its deterioration.

CAMTECH, Gwalior
4. Environmental Stressing Factors

 Humidity – More humidity affects badly the life


of insulating material

 Pollution – Air pollution also affects the life

 Radiation - the effect of deterioration.

CAMTECH, Gwalior
5. Combined Stressing Factors

 Normally all stressing factors are present


simultaneously (Multi-Stress Condition).

 Usually this would lead to accelerated


deterioration of the insulating material.

CAMTECH, Gwalior
SYMPTOMS OF POOR INSULATION-
CONDITION

 Increase in resistance of conductor

 Excessive temperature rise

 Reduction in insulation resistance (IR)

 Increase in dielectric loss (tanδ)

 Change in dielectric absorption

 Visual, Audible and Ultra Violet (UV) discharges


CAMTECH, Gwalior
 Ultrasonic emission

 Gas evolution

It is the object of diagnostic testing to measure and


assess these symptoms using non destructive testing
techniques as part of the condition-monitoring
maintenance.

CAMTECH, Gwalior
69

Result of Insulation Failure


Result of Insulation Failure
Result of Insulation Failure
Result of Insulation Failure
Result of Insulation Failure
Result of Insulation Failure
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
 Conductor – Generally no problems, except Joints.

 Insulation is weak link.

 Generally failures are on account of insulation.

 Electrical insulation constitutes only a small proportion


(10%) of the cost of equipment but on failure can lead to
total loss of the equipment.

 Thus insulation testing / diagnosis is a vital parameter and


most techniques involve Dielectric Diagnosis / Dielectric
monitoring. CAMTECH, Gwalior
SIMPLE INSULATION- DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
(A) DC Tests :-
 Insulation Resistance test (IR)

 Polarization Index (PI)

 Dielectric Absorption Ratio (DAR)

 Step Voltage (SV)

 Dielectric Discharge (DD)

 Recovery Voltage (RV) Measurement

 Polarization Depolarization Current (PDC) Gwalior


CAMTECH,
(B) AC Tests :-

 Tan-Delta test
 Hipot or HI-Voltage Test
 Surge Comparison Test
 Partial Discharge Test

CAMTECH, Gwalior
Why DC test is preferred over AC test
for IR Test

1. Leakage Current is sufficient to give information on IR


value.

2. In AC testing, since polarity changes every half-cycle (10


ms) frequent charging current will be predominant, and
Dielectric Absorption Current will never die down.
Compared to both these, the Leakage current will be
insignificant.
CAMTECH, Gwalior
3. For appreciable leakage-current to flow & measure,
test-voltage will have to be increased, which will
require larger size of equipment for AC test.

4. Larger size of AC equipment will be costlier & difficult


to transport & handle easily.

CAMTECH, Gwalior
जो कार्य तुम
आज कर सकते
हो, उसे कल पर
कदापि मत
CAMTECH, Gwalior

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