SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GOALS

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 Objectives of the Lecture

• To make the students understand the idea of sustainability and

sustainable development

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 Lecture Outcomes

After going through this lesson, a student shall:

•Have a better framework to assess development

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 Recap
• Development Defined
• Development vs Growth
• Development Communication Defined (In details)
• Process of Development Communication
• Indicators of development
• GDP and GNP
• HDI
• HI
• Communication as Indicator of Development
• Human Rights as Indicator of Development
• Approaches to Development Communication
• Gandhian View and PRI
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• Case Studies
 What is Sustainable Development
• "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.“
• Using recycled materials or renewable resources when building is an example of
sustainable development. ... Building a new community in a previously
undeveloped area without destroying the ecosystem or harming the
environment is an example of sustainable development.

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 Sustainable Goal # 1
No Poverty
•Eradicating poverty in all its forms remains one of the greatest challenges facing
humanity. While the number of people living in extreme poverty dropped by more
than half between 1990 and 2015, too many are still struggling for the most basic
human needs.
•As of 2015, about 736 million people still lived on less than US$1.90 a day; many
lack food, clean drinking water and sanitation. Rapid growth in countries such as
China and India has lifted millions out of poverty, but progress has been uneven.
Women are more likely to be poor than men because they have less paid work,
education, and own less property.

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 Sustainable Goal # 2
No Hunger
•The number of undernourished people has dropped by almost half in the past two
decades because of rapid economic growth and increased agricultural productivity.
Many developing countries that used to suffer from famine and hunger can now
meet their nutritional needs. Central and East Asia, Latin America and the
Caribbean have all made huge progress in eradicating extreme hunger.
•Unfortunately, extreme hunger and malnutrition remain a huge barrier to
development in many countries. There are 821 million people estimated to be
chronically undernourished as of 2017, often as a direct consequence of
environmental degradation, drought and biodiversity loss. Over 90 million
children under five are dangerously underweight. Undernourishment and severe
food insecurity appear to be increasing in almost all regions of Africa, as well as in
South America.
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 Sustainable Goal # 3
Good Health and Well Being
•We have made great progress against several leading causes of death and disease.
Life expectancy has increased dramatically; infant and maternal mortality rates
have declined, we’ve turned the tide on HIV and malaria deaths have halved.
•Good health is essential to sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda reflects
the complexity and interconnectedness of the two. It takes into account widening
economic and social inequalities, rapid urbanization, threats to the climate and the
environment, the continuing burden of HIV and other infectious diseases, and
emerging challenges such as no communicable diseases.

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 Sustainable Goal # 4
Quality Education
•Since 2000, there has been enormous progress in achieving the target of universal
primary education. The total enrolment rate in developing regions reached 91
percent in 2015, and the worldwide number of children out of school has dropped
by almost half. There has also been a dramatic increase in literacy rates, and many
more girls are in school than ever before. These are all remarkable successes.
•Progress has also been tough in some developing regions due to high levels of
poverty, armed conflicts and other emergencies. In Western Asia and North Africa,
ongoing armed conflict has seen an increase in the number of children out of
school. This is a worrying trend. While Sub-Saharan Africa made the greatest
progress in primary school enrolment among all developing regions – from 52
percent in 1990, up to 78 percent in 2012 – large disparities still remain. Children
from the poorest households are up to four times more likely to be out of school
than those of the richest households.
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 Sustainable Goal # 4
Quality Education
•Since 2000, there has been enormous progress in achieving the target of universal
primary education. The total enrolment rate in developing regions reached 91
percent in 2015, and the worldwide number of children out of school has dropped
by almost half. There has also been a dramatic increase in literacy rates, and many
more girls are in school than ever before. These are all remarkable successes.
•Progress has also been tough in some developing regions due to high levels of
poverty, armed conflicts and other emergencies. In Western Asia and North Africa,
ongoing armed conflict has seen an increase in the number of children out of
school. This is a worrying trend. While Sub-Saharan Africa made the greatest
progress in primary school enrolment among all developing regions – from 52
percent in 1990, up to 78 percent in 2012 – large disparities still remain. Children
from the poorest households are up to four times more likely to be out of school
than those of the richest households.
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 Sustainable Goal # 5
Gender Equality
•Ending all discrimination against women and girls is not only a basic human right,
it’s crucial for sustainable future; it’s proven that empowering women and girls
helps economic growth and development.
•UNDP has made gender equality central to its work and we’ve seen remarkable
progress in the past 20 years. There are more girls in school now compared to 15
years ago, and most regions have reached gender parity in primary education.

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 Sustainable Goal # 6
Clean Water and Sanitation
•Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of people, an alarming figure that is
projected to rise as temperatures do. Although 2.1 billion people have improved
water sanitation since 1990, dwindling drinking water supplies are affecting every
continent.
•More and more countries are experiencing water stress, and increasing drought
and desertification is already worsening these trends. By 2050, it is projected that
at least one in four people will suffer recurring water shortages.
•Safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires we invest in adequate
infrastructure, provide sanitation facilities, and encourage hygiene. Protecting and
restoring water-related ecosystems is essential.

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 Sustainable Goal # 7
Affordable and Clean Energy
•Between 2000 and 2016, the number of people with electricity increased from 78
to 87 percent, and the numbers without electricity dipped to just below one billion.
•Yet as the population continues to grow, so will the demand for cheap energy, and
an economy reliant on fossil fuels is creating drastic changes to our climate.

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 Sustainable Goal # 8
Decent Work and Economic Growth
•Over the past 25 years the number of workers living in extreme poverty has
declined dramatically, despite the lasting impact of the 2008 economic crisis and
global recession. In developing countries, the middle class now makes up more
than 34 percent of total employment – a number that has almost tripled between
1991 and 2015.
•However, as the global economy continues to recover we are seeing slower
growth, widening inequalities, and not enough jobs to keep up with a growing
labour force. According to the International Labour Organization, more than 204
million people were unemployed in 2015.

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 Sustainable Goal # 9
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
•Investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial drivers of economic
growth and development. With over half the world population now living in cities,
mass transport and renewable energy are becoming ever more important, as are
the growth of new industries and information and communication technologies.
•Technological progress is also key to finding lasting solutions to both economic
and environmental challenges, such as providing new jobs and promoting energy
efficiency. Promoting sustainable industries, and investing in scientific research
and innovation, are all important ways to facilitate sustainable development.
•More than 4 billion people still do not have access to the Internet, and 90 percent
are from the developing world. Bridging this digital divide is crucial to ensure
equal access to information and knowledge, as well as foster innovation and
entrepreneurship.
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 Sustainable Goal # 10
Reduced Inequalities
•Income inequality is on the rise—the richest 10 percent have up to 40 percent of
global income whereas the poorest 10 percent earn only between 2 to 7 percent. If
we take into account population growth inequality in developing countries,
inequality has increased by 11 percent.
•Income inequality has increased in nearly everywhere in recent decades, but at
different speeds. It’s lowest in Europe and highest in the Middle East.
•These widening disparities require sound policies to empower lower income
earners, and promote economic inclusion of all regardless of sex, race or ethnicity.

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 Sustainable Goal # 11
Sustainable Cities and Communities
•More than half of us live in cities. By 2050, two-thirds of all humanity—6.5 billion
people—will be urban. Sustainable development cannot be achieved without
significantly transforming the way we build and manage our urban spaces.
•The rapid growth of cities—a result of rising populations and increasing
migration—has led to a boom in mega-cities, especially in the developing world,
and slums are becoming a more significant feature of urban life.
•Making cities sustainable means creating career and business opportunities, safe
and affordable housing, and building resilient societies and economies. It involves
investment in public transport, creating green public spaces, and improving urban
planning and management in participatory and inclusive ways.

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 Sustainable Goal # 12
Responsible Consumption and Production
•Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we
urgently reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and
consume goods and resources. Agriculture is the biggest user of water worldwide,
and irrigation now claims close to 70 percent of all freshwater for human use.
•The efficient management of our shared natural resources, and the way we
dispose of toxic waste and pollutants, are important targets to achieve this goal.
Encouraging industries, businesses and consumers to recycle and reduce waste is
equally important, as is supporting developing countries to move towards more
sustainable patterns of consumption by 2030.

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 Sustainable Goal # 13
Climate Action
•There is no country that is not experiencing the drastic effects of climate change.
Greenhouse gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. Global
warming is causing long-lasting changes to our climate system, which threatens
irreversible consequences if we do not act.
•The annual average economic losses from climate-related disasters are in the
hundreds of billions of dollars. This is not to mention the human impact of geo-
physical disasters, which are 91 percent climate-related, and which between 1998
and 2017 killed 1.3 million people, and left 4.4 billion injured. The goal aims to
mobilize US$100 billion annually by 2020 to address the needs of developing
countries to both adapt to climate change and invest in low-carbon development.

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 Sustainable Goal # 14
Life Below Water
•The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive
global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. How we manage this
vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the
effects of climate change.
•Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their
livelihoods. However, today we are seeing 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks
overexploited, reaching below the level at which they can produce sustainable
yields.
•Oceans also absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide produced by humans,
and we are seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean acidification since the beginning of
the industrial revolution. Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which
comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels, with an average of
13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every square kilometre of ocean.
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 Sustainable Goal # 15
Life on Land
•Human life depends on the earth as much as the ocean for our sustenance and
livelihoods. Plant life provides 80 percent of the human diet, and we rely on
agriculture as an important economic resources. Forests cover 30 percent of the
Earth’s surface, provide vital habitats for millions of species, and important
sources for clean air and water, as well as being crucial for combating climate
change.
•Every year, 13 million hectares of forests are lost, while the persistent
degradation of drylands has led to the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares,
disproportionately affecting poor communities.
•While 15 percent of land is protected, biodiversity is still at risk. Nearly 7,000
species of animals and plants have been illegally traded. Wildlife trafficking not
only erodes biodiversity, but creates insecurity, fuels conflict, and feeds
corruption.
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 Sustainable Goal # 16
Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
•We cannot hope for sustainable development without peace, stability, human
rights and effective governance, based on the rule of law. Yet our world is
increasingly divided. Some regions enjoy peace, security and prosperity, while
others fall into seemingly endless cycles of conflict and violence. This is not
inevitable and must be addressed.

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 Sustainable Goal # 17
Partnerships for the Goals
•The SDGs can only be realized with strong global partnerships and cooperation.
Official Development Assistance remained steady but below target, at US$147
billion in 2017. While humanitarian crises brought on by conflict or natural
disasters continue to demand more financial resources and aid. Many countries
also require Official Development Assistance to encourage growth and trade.

•The world is more interconnected than ever. Improving access to technology and
knowledge is an important way to share ideas and foster innovation. Coordinating
policies to help developing countries manage their debt, as well as promoting
investment for the least developed, is vital for sustainable growth and
development.

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 Suggested Further Readings & References

Melkote, S. R., & Steeves, H. L. (2001). Communication for

development in the third world: Theory and practice for
empowerment. SAGE.
Murthy, D. V. (2006). Development journalism: What next? An agenda
for the press. Kanishka Publishers.
Narula, U. (2004). Development communication: Theory and practice.
https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-
development-goals.html

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Thank you


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