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Covalent and Ionic BONDING

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29 views17 pages

Covalent and Ionic BONDING

Leessshhh goooooo

Uploaded by

abanoubsedhom2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COVALENT AND

IONIC BONDING
BY:ABANOUB, PETER, PEMIN, FADY
IONIC BONDING
• A sodium ion and a chlorine ion can form an ionic chemical bond to form the
compound sodium chloride. In an ionic bond there is an attraction between
the positively charged ion, sodium, and the negatively charged ion, chlorine.
IONIC BONDING
• When the sodium atom loses one electron and becomes a sodium ion, it has 10
electrons and 11 protons. This means that there are 11 positive charges from the
protons but only 10 negative charges from the electrons in the ion. This means that
the sodium ion has a positive electrical charge of +1. The symbol for a sodium ion is
written as Na+ The electronic structure for a sodium ion is written as [2,81*When the
chlorine atom gains one electron and becomes a chlorine ion, it has 18 electrons and
17 protons. This means that there are 17 positive charges from the protons but 18
negative charges from the electrons in the ion. This means that the chlorine ion has a
negative electrical charge of -1. The chlorine ion is written as Cl-.The charges on the
ions of sodium and chlorine form a bond and the two elements are held together to
form sodium chloride, NaCl.
QUESTIONS

This Phot
o
QUESTIONS
• Q1:The symbol for a lithium atom is Li. What is the symbol for a lithium ion?
• A1:Li+
• Q2:The symbol for a fluorine atom is F. What is the symbol for a fluorine ion
• A2:F−
• Q3:Why are ions formed?
• A3:Ions are formed because the outer shells of the atoms are not full and that
makes the atom less stable. The atoms can form full shells by losing or gaining
electrons.
IONIC BONDING
• Other ionic compounds
• Ionic compounds are those that are made from ions. They form when a
metal reacts with a non-metal.In some elements more than one
electron is lost or gained. For example, when magnesium combines
with oxygen to form magnesium oxide, MgO.
IONIC BONDING
• A magnesium atom has two electrons in the outermost electron shell,
its electronic structure is 2,8,2. An oxygen atom has six electrons in its
outermost electron shell, 2,6.The magnesium atom loses the two
electrons and forms a magnesium ion, Mg²The oxygen atom gains two
electrons and becomes an oxygen ion O²-. The two ions are attracted to
one another and form an ionic bond to form the ionic compound
magnesium oxide, MgO.
IONIC BONDING
• Magnesium reacts with chlorine to form magnesium chloride (extension
material).
IONIC BONDING
• Extension material: When magnesium forms an ionic compound with
chlorine, two ions of chlorine are formed.The magnesium atom loses
the two electrons from its outermost shell and forms a magnesium ion,
Mg²+. Two chlorine atoms both gain one electron and become two
chloride ions, 2 Cl-. The two chlorine ions are attracted to the
magnesium ion and form an ionic bond to form the ionic compound
magnesium chloride, MgCl₂
COVALENT BONDING
• Sharing electrons
• When non-metals form compounds with other non-metals they do so by sharing electrons to
fill their outermost electron shells.

Hydrogen and chlorine


• An example of this is when hydrogen and chlorine react to form hydrogen chloride:a
hydrogen atom has just one electron in its outermost electron shell; in this first shell there is
only room for two electrons a chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outermost electron
shell: in this electron shell there is room for eight electrons the atoms share a pair of
electrons, so both hydrogen and chlorine have their outermost electron shells full of
electrons a molecule of hydrogen chloride is formed; its formula is HCl.
COVALENT BONDING

• The electron in the hydrogen atom is shown as a dot and the electrons
in the chlorine atom are shown as crosses. This type of diagram is
known as a dot and cross diagram. This type of chemical bond where
electrons are shared is called a covalent bond.
COVALENT BONDING
• Hydrogen and hydrogen
• Covalent molecules are formed when atoms of different non-metals join
together to form compounds and when atoms of the same non-metal
join together.
• For example, two atoms of hydrogen join together to form a molecule
of hydrogen an atom of hydrogen has one electron in its outermost
electron shell; this electron shell has room for only two electrons• the
hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons, so both atoms have two
electrons in the outermost electron shell so the shell is full and more
stable molecule of hydrogen is formed; the formula is written as H₂
COVALENT BONDING
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
• Q1:When is a reaction covalent not ionic?
• A1:When there are two non-metals
• Q2: next slide
QUESTIONS
THANK YOU 8A

Miss
Mora

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