SCOPE OF

COUNSELING
Scope of Counseling
Personal
 includes motivation,
 self –esteem,
 interest,
 career choice, etc.
Scope of Counseling
Social
pertains to relationship
conflicts (silent treatment,
ignoring or interrupting
others, insulting)
socialization,
peer relationships, etc.
Scope of Counseling
Cognitive
relates to the study habits,
academic performance,
irrational thoughts, etc.
(thinking illogical, negative
thoughts that leads to
unhealthy emotions)
Scope of Counseling
Behavioral
 contains absenteeism (staying away
from work or school without good
reason, lower overall productivity)
 Bullying
 Restlessness (inability to rest or
relax because of anxiety or
boredom)
 misbehavior, etc.
Scope of Counseling
Psychological
 comprises of personality
development,
 stress, etc.
Scope of Counseling
Emotional
 embraces to anger management
issues (loss of relationships,
opportunities such as jobs and
education)
 Phobias
 mild anxiety, etc. (typically
manageable with relaxation
techniques and lifestyle changes.
Scope of Counseling
Spiritual
 covers spiritual beliefs (include
practices/rituals such as prayer,
engagement religious
community members)
 Guidance
 confusions, etc.
Scope of Counseling
Health
 includes wellness,
 life and work balance,
 leisure, etc. (free time to rest,
relax, and enjoy life)
Scope of Counseling
Occupational
 indicates work and career
decisions, etc.
Direction: Analyze each situation below and
give thumbs up if it is reasonably within a
counselor’s jurisdiction, and give thumbs down
if it is not.
1. Mocha feels insecure and an outcast in
school because she thinks her classmates
talk negatively. Thumbs up
2. Ren - Ren needs to raise funds for her
college tuition fee next year. Thumbs
down
3. Allen keeps questioning himself if he is in
the right job because he seems to be
getting more unmotivated as time goes. His
spirit for doing his job well has gone down
these past few months. Thumbs down
4. Greg thinks he is addicted to video games and
wants to control it to become more productive
with his schoolwork. Thumbs up
5. Shane was diagnosed with Obsessive –
Compulsive Disorder (OCD) when she was a
teenager. As a young adult now, she wants to be
helped again in controlling her OCD symptoms.
Thumbs up
6. Benny is overly jealous when it comes to the
friends of his girlfriend. He cannot seem to accept
the fact that his girlfriend enjoys very much the
company of others. Thumbs down
7. Lesley is overly scared of men because of a
traumatic experience she had as a little girl. She
witnessed how three men robbed and stabbed her
father to death. Thumbs up
8. Pete, 18 years old, is suffering from a split
personality wherein he exhibits 8 personalities. At
night he thinks that he is a mother, at day he
portrays his grandmother and during his lucid
intervals he became Pete itself. Thumbs up
9. Keanu is confused on his religion wherein they
do not eat blood –cooked foods like his other
classmates. His religion forbids to eat blood or any
uncooked foods with blood. Thumbs down
10. Martha, 16 years old has twin brothers, Leone
and Loonie. Growing up with two brothers, Martha
questioned herself if she is really a girl or a boy
since she likes boys’ toys, clothes for the boys and
other things that his twin brothers have. Thumbs
down
 Principles of
Counseling
 Advice
-Counseling may involve
advice-giving as one of the several
functions that counselors perform.
When this is done, the requirement
is that a counselor makes
judgments about a counselee’s
problems and lays out options for a
course of action.
 Principles of
Counseling
 Reassurance
-Counseling involves providing
clients with reassurance, which is a
way of giving them courage to face a
problem or confidence that they are
pursuing a suitable course of action.
Reassurance is a valuable principle
because it can bring about a sense of
relief that may empower a client to
function normally again.
 Principles of
Counseling
 Release of emotional tension
-Counseling provides clients the
opportunity to get emotional release from
their pent-up frustrations and other personal
issues. Counseling experience shows that as
persons begin to explain their concerns to a
sympathetic listener, their tensions begin to
subside. They become more relaxed and the
release of tensions helps remove mental
blocks by providing a solution to the problem.
 Punch a pillow, scream, let yourself cry
 Principles of
Counseling
 Clarified thinking
-It tends to take place while the
counselor and counselee are talking and
therefore becomes a logical emotional
release. As this relationship goes on,
other self-empowering results may take
place later as a result of developments
during the counseling relationship.
Clarified thinking encourages a client to
accept responsibility for problems and to
be more realistic in solving them.
 Being rational and logical (based on
facts or reasons, ability to think about
thing clearly)
 Principles of
Counseling
 Reorientation
-It involves a change in the client’s
emotional self through a change in basic goals
and aspirations. This requires a revision of the
client’s level of aspiration to bring it more in line
with actual and realistic attainment. It enables
clients to recognize and accept their own
limitations. The counselor’s job is to recognize
those in need of reorientation and facilitate
appropriate interventions.
 Action of changing the focus or direction in
order to achieve near future goals
 Principles of
Counseling
Listening skills
-Listening attentively to
clients is the counselor’s attempt
to understand both the content
of the clients’ problem as they
see it, and the emotions they are
experiencing related to the
problem. Good listening helps
counselors to understand the
concerns being presented.
 Principles of
Counseling
 Respect
-In all circumstances, clients
must be treated with respect, no
matter how peculiar, strange,
disturbed, weird, or utterly different
from the counselor. Without this
basic element, successful counseling
is impossible. Counselors do not have
to like the client, or their values, or
their behavior, but they have to put
their personal feelings aside and
treat the client with respect.
 Principles of
Counseling
 Empathy and positive regard
-Carl Rogers combined empathy and
positive regard as two principles that should go
along with respect and effective listening skills.
Empathy requires the counselor to listen and
understand the feelings and perspective of the
client and positive regard is an aspect of
respect. For Rogers, clients have to be given
both “unconditional positive regard” and be
treated with respect.
 Giving love and support regardless of the
person’s behavior
 Principles of
Counseling
 Clarification, confrontation, and
interpretation
-Clarification is an attempt by the
counselor to restate what the client is
either saying or feeling, so the client
may learn something or understand the
issue better. Confrontation and
interpretation are other more advanced
principles used by counselors in their
interventions.
 Workshop
 Principles of
Counseling
 Transference and countertransference
-When clients are helped to understand
transference reactions, they are empowered to
gain understanding of important aspects of their
emotional life. Countertransference helps both
clients and counselors to understand the
emotional and perceptional reactions and how to
effectively manage them.
 You meet a new client who reminds you of a
former lover
 Thoughts and feelings attached to that past
relationship
 Principles of
Counseling
OAutonomy of status
Deals with freedom
OJustice
Fairness
Equal treatment
Not bias
Principles of Counseling
O Fidelity – or loyalty and the most
important principles of counseling
 Deals with confidentiality
 Respect Privacy
 Non-maleficence
 Harmlessness/do not harm
 All about avoiding violence
 Healing
 No physical injury
 No sexual harassment between the
counselor and counselee
 Competencies
Interpersonal skills
 Meaning outside
Personal
 Its all about our ability to
socialize/socialization to
community
 Ability to listen and understand
from other people
 Competencies
 Conceptual ability
 Its not all about dealing your ability
to understand concepts
 Also using our memory to remember
information
 Personal beliefs and Attitude
 Its not all about selfishness but more
on awareness to other people
 By means of respecting other people
beliefs
 Competencies
 Mastery of Techniques
 In-depth knowledge
 Its more on research
 Finding more knowledge without
situation
 Personal soundness
 To be a sensitive individual
(marunong ka makiramdam)
 You need to have common sense
about the feelings of other people
 Competencies
Openness to learning inquiry
 Its all about your curiosity
 Its all about your ability to learn
more
 Inquiry- questioning, logic,
critical thinking
 Knowledge wont stop – you have
to research more
 Competencies
 Ability to understand and work
within social system
 Flexibility comes in
 Flexible enough to deal with people
ethnicity, background, aware with
our environment
 Because we are working in different
social system
 Theories
Classical theories
Meaning old fashioned
theory
Relevant to social issues
Appreciated until now
 Classical Theories
Sigmund Freud’s –
Psychoanalytic Theory
 Restructuring the personality of
individual
 Being aware of the unconscious
 Repressed memories – buhayin
ang memories na nakalimutan
na, hindi na naalala, hindi na
nabalikan