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DC Generator

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23 views11 pages

DC Generator

Yes

Uploaded by

saivarun437
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principle operation of Generator

• Whenever a conductor is moved within a magnetic


field in such a way that the conductor cuts across
magnetic lines of flux, voltage is generated in the
conductor.
• The Amount of voltage generated depends on:
i. the strength of the magnetic field,
ii. the angle at which the conductor cuts the magnetic
field,
iii. the speed at which the conductor is moved, and
iv. the length of the conductor within the magnetic field
Principle of operation (Cont)
Fleming’s Right hand rule (Generator Rule)
• To determine the direction of the induced emf/current of a
conductor moving in a magnetic field.
• The POLARITY of the voltage depends on the direction of
the magnetic lines of flux and the direction of movement of
the conductor.
THE ELEMENTARY GENERATOR
• An elementary generator consists of a wire loop
mounted on the shaft, so that it can be rotated in
a stationary magnetic field.
• This will produce an induced emf in the loop.
• Sliding contacts (brushes) connect the loop to an
external circuit load in order to pick up or use
the induced emf.

Elementary
Generator
• The pole pieces (marked N and S) provide the magnetic field. The
pole pieces are shaped and positioned as shown to concentrate
the magnetic field as close as possible to the wire loop.

• The loop of wire that rotates through the field is called the
ARMATURE. The ends of the armature loop are connected to
rings called SLIP RINGS. They rotate with the armature.

• The brushes, usually made of carbon, with wires attached to


them, ride against the rings. The generated voltage appears
across these brushes. (These brushes transfer power from the
battery to the commutator as the motor spins – discussed later in
dc elementary generator).
• An end view of the shaft and wire
loop is shown.
• At this particular instant, the loop
of wire (the black and white
conductors of the loop) is parallel
to the magnetic lines of flux, and
no cutting action is taking place.
• Since the lines of flux are not
being cut by the loop, no emf is
induced in the conductors, and the
meter at this position indicates
zero. 00 Position (Neutral Plane)
• This position is called the
NEUTRAL PLANE.
• The shaft has been turned 900 clockwise, the
conductors cut through more and more lines of
flux, and voltage is induced in the conductor.
• at a continually increasing angle , the induced
emf in the conductors builds up from zero to a
maximum value or peak value.
• Observe that from 00 to 900, the black conductor
cuts DOWN through the field.
• At the same time the white conductor cuts UP
through the field.
• The induced emfs in the conductors are series-
adding.
• This means the resultant voltage across the
brushes (the terminal voltage) is the sum of the
two induced voltages.
• The meter at position B reads maximum value. 900 Position
• After another 900 of rotation, the loop
has completed 1800 of rotation and is
again parallel to the lines of flux.
• As the loop was turned, the voltage
decreased until it again reached zero.
• Note that : From 00 to 1800 the
conductors of the armature loop have
been moving in the same direction
through the magnetic field.
• Therefore, the polarity of the induced
voltage has remained the same

1800 Position
THE ELEMENTARY GENERATOR (D)
• As the loop continues to turn, the
conductors again cut the lines of
magnetic flux.
• This time, however, the conductor that
previously cut through the flux lines of
the south magnetic field is cutting the
lines of the north magnetic field, and
vice-versa.
• Since the conductors are cutting the flux
lines of opposite magnetic polarity, the
polarity of the induced voltage reverses.
• After 270' of rotation, the loop has
rotated to the position shown, and the
2700 Position
maximum terminal voltage will be the
same as it was from A to C except that
the polarity is reversed.
THE ELEMENTARY GENERATOR (A)

• After another 900 of rotation, the


loop has completed one rotation
of 3600 and returned to its starting
position.
• The voltage decreased from its
negative peak back to zero.
• Notice that the voltage produced
in the armature is an alternating
polarity. The voltage produced in
all rotating armatures is 3600 Position

alternating voltage.
• Observes
– The meter direction
– The conductors of the armature loop
– Direction of the current flow

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