ENGR. C.

LEOBRERA

Hydrodynamic Loading of
Rectangular Environmental
Engineering Concrete Structures

Per ACI 350.3-06

LEOBRERA 1
Earthquake Loads ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Earthquakes produce loadings on a structure through its interaction with

ground and its response characteristics. These loadings result from the
structure’s distortion caused by the ground’s motion and lateral resistance of
structures. Their magnitude depends on the amount of ground accelerations
and the mass and stiffness of the structure.

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 ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Environmental
Engineering Concrete
Structures
“…[concrete] structures … used for
conveying, storing, or treating liquid
or other materials such as solid
waste…”

LEOBRERA 3
ACI 350 CODE FAMILY
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

ACI 350-06
CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
ACI 350.3-06
SEISMIC DESIGN OF LIQUID-CONTAINING
STRUCTURES

LEOBRERA 4
ACI 350 CODE FAMILY
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

ACI 350.1-10
Specification for Tightness Testing of
Environmental Engineering Concrete
Containment Structures
ACI 350.2R-04
Concrete Structures for Containment of
Hazardous Materials

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ACI 350 CODE FAMILY
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

ACI 350.4R-04
Design Considerations for Environmental
Engineering Concrete Structures (Factors of
Safety / Stability)

LEOBRERA 6
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

– Developed primarily from the works of

G.W.Housner
– HYDRODYNAMIC forces act on the walls,
base and sometimes the roof, of a tank
simultaneously with HYDROSTATIC forces

– HYDRODYNAMIC forces are further

classified into IMPULSIVE and
CONVECTIVE components

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ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

– Portion of the contained-liquid that moves with the

tank is referred to as IMPULSIVE component
– Portion of the contained-liquid that undergoes
sloshing motion is referred to as the CONVECTIVE
component

LEOBRERA 8
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Seismic Design per ACI 350.3-06

— Ground motions follow the provisions of ASCE
7-02
— Requirements for Seismic Design
— Seismic Use Group
— Importance Factor, IE
— Mapped Acceleration Parameters, Ss and
S1
— Site Class

le
— Site Coefficients, Fa and Fv

b
ila
A ot
— Response Modification Factor, Ri and Rc

va
N
LEOBRERA 9
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Seismic Design per ACI 350.3-06

— Requirements for Seismic Design (cont.)
— Structural Period
— Design Response Spectra
— General Procedure
— Site-Specific Procedure

Section 21.2.1.7.b) of ACI 350-06: The resulting values from

the total lateral force and total base overturning moment are not
less than 80 percent of the values that would be obtained using
ACI 350.3.

LEOBRERA 10
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Seismic Design per ACI 350.3-06

— Alternative Design Procedure
— Appendix B: …based on 1997 Uniform Building
Code…
Appendix B of ACI 350.3-06 allows the designer
to adopt current provisions of the standard to
the seismic provisions of the 1997 Uniform
Building Code.

LEOBRERA 11
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Seismic Design per Appendix B of ACI

— Requirements350.3-06
for Seismic Design
— Seismic Use Group
— Importance Factor, I
— Seismic Zone Factor, Z
— Soil Profile Type
— Near Source Factors Na and Nv
— Seismic Coefficients Ca and Cv
— Structure Period Ti and Tc
— Response Modification Factors Ri and Rc

LEOBRERA 12
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Seismic Zone Factor, Soil Profile

Type, Near-Source Factors & Seismic
Coefficient

Please Refer to Section

208, Volume 1, 2015
NSCP

LEOBRERA 13
NSCP 2015 Source Type ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 14
NSCP 2015 Seismic Zone Factor
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 15
NSCP 2015 Soil Profile Type ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 16
NSCP 2015 Near Source Factors ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Distance to Source
LEOBRERA 17
NSCP 2015 Seismic Coefficients
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 18
ACI 350.3-06
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Seismic Use Group and Importance

Table 4.1.1.(a) Factor I

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Structure Period Ti
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

— The impulsive period of the structure Ti is

calculated based on the tank’s material
properties, mass distribution, and stiffness
characteristics, as well as the impulsive mass of
the liquid contents
— ACI 350.3-06 provides a formula for computing
the period Ti suitable for walls of uniform
thickness and bottom restrained.
— For other types of walls, a more rigorous analysis
is required.

LEOBRERA 20
Structure Period Ti
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Note:

“L” denotes clear distance parallel to EQ

direction, “B” clear distance
perpendicular to EQ direction

LEOBRERA 21
Structure Period Tc
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

— Sections 9.2.4 and 9.3.4 prescribes the

procedure in calculating for the period of
sloshing Tc

*Tc for Rectangular

Tanks

LEOBRERA 22
Response Modification Factors Ri and
Rc ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Table 4.1.1.(b)

LEOBRERA 23
Response Modification Factors Ri and
Rc ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 24
Dynamic Model
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 25
Hydrodynamic Components
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 26
Impulsive Component
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Excluding Base Including Base

Pressure (EBP) Pressure (IBP)

LEOBRERA 27
Convective Component
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Excluding Base Including Base

Pressure (EBP) Pressure (IBP)

LEOBRERA 28
Impulsive Component
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 29
Convective Component
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

LEOBRERA 30
Hydrodynamic Components
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

— By mechanics, hydrodynamic lateral loading is

simplified by use of equivalent trapezoidal surface
loads to the walls and triangular surface load to
the base slab
— Effects of vertical acceleration are considered as
additional factor to the dead and hydrostatic loads

LEOBRERA 31
Hydrodynamic Components
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

See ACI350.3-06 Appendix

B for coefficient load
calculations

LEOBRERA 32
Hydrodynamic Components
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Impulsive Component

Pi  a  b 
  H L B
2  2 

Pi hi  1 H   H 
 b  a H L B  L    a H L B  L 
2 2 3   2 

1 L 2L
Pi h'i  hi   c  B 
2 2 3

LEOBRERA 33
Hydrodynamic Components
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Convective Component

Pc  a  b 
  H L B
2  2 

Pc hc  1 2H   H 
 b  a H L B  L    a H L B  L 
2 2 3   2 

1 L 2L
Pc h'c  hc   c  B 
2 2 3

LEOBRERA 34
Illustrative Example
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Partially-buried at 4m from top of bottom of slab to finish ground

line, a square RC water tank has plan dimensions of 6m x 6m and
total height of 6.6 m including base slab. Liquid depth is 5.0m and
have the following geometrical details:

wall thickness: 500mm

base slab thickness: 600 mm
roof slab thickness: 200 mm thick

Concrete Compressive Strength is 5000 psi and the site is 5 km

from a Type A Seismic Source in Seismic Zone 4.

Calculate seismic loads using Appendix B of ACI 350.3-06.

LEOBRERA 35
Illustrative Example
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

PLAN SECTION

LEOBRERA 36
Illustrative Example
ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Determine Seismic
—
Coefficients
Seismic Use Group = II
— Importance Factor, I = 1.25
— Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 0.4
— Soil Profile Type = SD
— Near Source Factor Na = 1.2
— Near Source Factor Nv = 1.6
— Seismic Coefficients Ca = 0.44Na =
0.5280
— Seismic Site Coefficient Cv = 0.64Nv =
1.0240 LEOBRERA 37
 ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Combined HD Loading
Parallel to Direction of
Motion

See attached detailed

hydrodynamic load
calculations

38
 ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

Combined HD Loading
Perpendicular to Direction
of Motion

See attached detailed

hydrodynamic load
calculations

39
REFERENCES ENGR. C. LEOBRERA

• Amante, R.R. (2011 October 28). Structural Design of

Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures Using
ACI 350-06 & 350.3-06

• ACI 350.3-06, Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing

Concrete Structures and Commentary

• NSCP 2015 Volume 1, Seventh Edition

40