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Nutrition in Animals

The document discusses animal nutrition, including the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion in various animals. It details the human digestive system and the roles of different organs and glands, as well as the unique digestion methods in ruminants and single-celled organisms like amoeba. Additionally, it outlines the types of teeth and their functions in breaking down food.

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rashi Mathur
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41 views11 pages

Nutrition in Animals

The document discusses animal nutrition, including the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion in various animals. It details the human digestive system and the roles of different organs and glands, as well as the unique digestion methods in ruminants and single-celled organisms like amoeba. Additionally, it outlines the types of teeth and their functions in breaking down food.

Uploaded by

rashi Mathur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER - 2

NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
VIDEO LINK

https://youtu.be/ZiuVy3X6JKI

https://youtu.be/bFczvJp0bpU
1) Animal nutrition :-
The mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation in the body
is called nutrition.
Animals get their food directly or indirectly from plants.
Animal nutrition :- includes nutrient requirement, mode of taking
food and its utilisation in the body.
Digestion :- The process by which complex food substances are
broken down into simpler substances is called digestion.
2) Different ways of taking food :-
Name of animal Kind of food Mode of feeding
Snail Grass Chewing
Ant Insects Scrapping
Eagle Flesh Swallowing
Humming bird Nectar Sucking
Lice Blood Sucking
Mosquito Blood Sucking
Butterfly Nectar Sucking
House fly Decaying matter Brewing
3) Digestion in humans :-
The main parts of the
alimentary canal are :-
buccal cavity (mouth),
oesophagus (food
pipe), stomach, small
intestine, large
intestine, rectum and
anus. The main glands
are :- salivary glands,
liver and pancreas. The
alimentary canal and
the glands together is
called the digestive
system.
i) The mouth and buccal cavity :-
Food is taken into the body through the mouth. This process is
called ingestion. In the mouth the food is broken down into smaller
pieces by the teeth. The mouth has salivary glands which secrete
saliva. The saliva breaks down starch into sugars. The tongue helps
to mix the food with saliva and swallow the food.
Teeth :-
There are four types of teeth. They are incisors, canines, permolars
and molars.
Incisors :- help in biting and cutting the food.
Canines :- help in piercing and tearing the food.
Premolars and molars :- help in chewing and
grinding the food.

Number of teeth
Type of teeth Lower Upper Total
jaw jaw
Incisors 4 4 8

Canines 2 2 4

Premolars 10 10 20
and molars
ii) The food pipe (oesophagus) :-
The food pipe passes along the neck and chest. The swallowed food
is pushed down by the movement of the walls of the food pipe into the
stomach.
iii) The stomach :-
The stomach secretes digestive juices, hydrochloric acid and
mucous. The digestive juices breaks down proteins. Hydrochloric acid
makes the medium acidic and kills bacteria which enter along with
the food. Mucous protects the walls of the stomach from the acid.
iv) The small intestine :-
The small intestine is a long coiled tube. It receives secretions from
liver and pancreas. It also secretes digestive juices.
The liver is the largest gland in the body. It secretes bile juice which
is stored in the gall bladder. It breaks down fats.
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down
carbohydrates and proteins.
The intestinal juice completes the digestion of starch into glucose,
fats into fatty acid and glycerol and proteins into amino acids.
Absorption of digested food in the small intestine :-
The digested food is absorbed by the walls of the small intestine. This
process is called absorption. The small intestine has several finger
like projections called villi having blood vessels. The villi helps to
increase the surface area for absorption. The absorbed materials are
carried by the blood to the different parts of the body and used by the
body. This is called assimilation. The undigested food then passes
into the large intestine.

v) The large intestine :-


In the large intestine water and some salts are. The remaining
waste then passes to the rectum and remains there as faeces. It is
removed through the anus from time to time.This process is called
egestion.
4) Digestion in grass eating animals (Ruminants) :-
Grass eating animals like cows and buffaloes quickly swallow
the grass and store it in a separate part of the stomach called rumen.
Here the food is partly digested and is called cud. Then the cud is
brought back to the mouth in small lumps and chewed. This process
is called rumination. The chewed food then passes into a sac like
structure between the small intestine and large intestine. The
cellulose in the grass is digested with the help of some bacteria.
5) Feeding and digestion in amoeba :-
Amoeba is a single celled organism found in pond water. The cell has
a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus. The cytoplasm has many
bubble like vacuoles. The cell has finger like projections called
pseudopodia or false feet which helps it to move and capture food.
When amoeba comes near food particle, pseudopodia is produced
around the food particle. The food particle is trapped in a food vacuole.
In the food vacuole the food is digested by digestive enzymes and
absorbed. The undigested waste is then sent out by the vacuole.

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