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NeuroPsychology Intro

The document provides an overview of neuropsychology, emphasizing the relationship between brain function and behavior, and the role of neuropsychologists in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. It traces the historical development of the field from ancient cultures to modern advancements in experimental physiology and neurochemical techniques. Key figures such as Hippocrates, Descartes, and Broca are highlighted for their contributions to understanding the brain's role in behavior.

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7 views15 pages

NeuroPsychology Intro

The document provides an overview of neuropsychology, emphasizing the relationship between brain function and behavior, and the role of neuropsychologists in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. It traces the historical development of the field from ancient cultures to modern advancements in experimental physiology and neurochemical techniques. Key figures such as Hippocrates, Descartes, and Broca are highlighted for their contributions to understanding the brain's role in behavior.

Uploaded by

sehrishsaad032
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Neuropsychology

&
Psychopharmacol
ogy
Ms Samreen Umar
Lecturer
Dept of Psychology, UOL, Sargodha
Campus
Introductio
nField of Neuropsychology emerged from
psychology
 It focuses on the relationship between brain function
and behaviour. It examines how damage or
dysfunction in specific areas of the brain affects
cognitive processes, emotions, and behaviour.
 Neuropsychologists assess cognitive function
through standardized tests and observational
methods and use this information to diagnose and
treat neurological and psychiatric disorders
 Wilhelm Wundt‘s book in late 19th century
entitled “Principles of Physiological Psychology”
Introduction and role
of Neuropsychology
Intro……….
• Professional of the field are neuropsychologists,
physiological psychologists,
psychophysiologists and neuroscientists

• These professionals provide realization that the


ultimate function of the nervous system is
behavior
Intr
oBrain Functioning???
• Higher order functioning: Thinking, logical
reasoning, perception, memory, intellect,
problem solving, judgment, decision making

• Other functions: control of movements,


motivation, emotions
Intr
o• Modern history of investigating physiology of
behavior has been written by psychologists.

As it is based on
Experimental methods of Psychology +
Physiology
Latest areas of
study
• Now started studying
 Perceptual processes
 Control of movement
 Sleep and waking
 Sexual and Reproductive behaviors
 Ingestive behaviors (eating and drinking behaviors)
 Emotional behaviors (mood)
 Learning
 Language
 Physiology of human pathologies (e.g. addiction and mental
disorders)
Biological roots of
Neuropsychology
• Emergence from ancient cultures (Egyptians,
Indians, and Chinese) considered heart as seat of
emotions and thoughts.

• Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.) not heart but this


role is performed by the brain

• Galen disectioning and study the brains of


cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, weasels, monkeys
and apes
Rene Descartes (17th century) French philosopher and
mathematician called the father of modern philosophy

Role of mind and brain in controlling behavior.


Brains automatic and involuntary reactions
“reflexes”
Role of pineal body (situated beneath the cerebral
hemispheres), pineal body involved in the interaction
of mind and brain.
Developed models to understand pineal body
function by idealizing moving statue.
Use technological device as a model for explaining
how the nervous system works
•Luigi Galvani: experiments on frogs muscle
contraction.
His experimental findings promoted the study on
nerve message transmission and by means of
muscle contractions

•Johannes Muller: utilized experimental


techniques of physiology “doctrine of specific
nerve energies”
e.g.
optic nerve messages visual image
auditory nerve __ sensation of sound
•Pierre Flourens: experimental ablation
(removal of various parts of animal brains
and study their related behaviors.

•Paul Broca (French surgeon ) who applied


principal of experimental ablation to human
brain
observed the stroke patient’s behaviors.
Performed autopsy of a male stroke patient
(portion of cerebral cortex on left side of the
brain controls speech function) Broca’s Area
•Helmholtz: invented ophthalmoscope
(examination of retina). Work on theory of
color vision, color blindness, audition and
music etc
Measure the speed of conduction
through nerve (90 feet per sec) more than
a simple electrical message
• 20th century advancements: in experimental
physiology
• Invention of sensitive amplifiers
weak electrical signal detection
• Neurochemical techniques
analyzing chemical changes within and
between nerve cells
• Histological techniques to see cells
and their constituents
•Charles Darwin’s theory of natural
selection:

Random mutations change in


individual’s genetic material
production of different proteins

alteration of physical characteristics


(mutations in organisms added up and
emerged as different organism”
Book
Reference
•Carlson, N.R. (2004). Physiology of
Behavior. (12th ed.). New York:
Pearson.

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