FALSE CEILING

Presentation
 FALSE CEILING
 the secondary ceiling which is created below the
primary ceiling , that is , the main roof, is called false
ceiling.

 USES:
 its used to conceal varied service lines- structural
features , open pipes and wiring, and air conditioning
ducts.
 it gives more options to use special lighting systems
such as cove lighting, wall washers, floating effects and
so on.
 false can be used to give thermal insulation for a given
space.
 besides, it also creates an effective sonic system
especially in auditoriums, cinema halls or recording
studios.
 GYPSUM BOARD CEILING

DETACHED CEILING-
it’s a part ceiling with or without covering the
primary ceiling. this ceiling is mainly used to play with
the levels of the false ceiling to provide lighting.
this system is creatively used, especially at the
exhibition galleries and show rooms using very unusal
materials like fabrics and other similar materials.

POINTS TO BE NOTED-
avoid textured or porous materials at the non- air
conditioned spaces to avoid accumalation of dust in
long run and for better maintenaince.
the ceiling material should be selected, in such a
way that it can be painted.
the space between the false ceiling and the primary
ceiling shall be completely sealed off for better
maintenaince.
 FALSE CEILING WITH CONCEALED
METAL FRAMEWORK
MATERIALS-
FRAME: g.i.section, aluminium and wooden, mild
steel.

PANELS: pop, gyp board, ply wood, thermocol,

particle
board, e-board, etc.

COMPONENTS-
soffit cleat, strap hanger, intermediate
channel, main frame ceiling section,
perimeter angle, fastener, connecting clips.
PROCESS OF PREPARATION OF
P.O.P SHEET
 INSTALLATION SEQUENCE
 marking and drilling in primary ceiling.
 fix the perimeter angle section to the walls at the
desired levels.
 suspend the intermediate c channel from the
ceiling at the desired height with soffit cleat.
( soffit cleat spacing=1200mm, intermediate
channel spacing=450/600mm)
 suspend the main frame ceiling section from the
intermediate section with connecting clips at
600mm c/c.
 screw the panel onto the frame work.
 the electric cables and service ducts ore laid as
per design before panels are screwed.
 for final finishing panel can be painted or polished.
 METHOD OF GYPBOARD
ATTACHMENT
 gypboard attached(direct to framing):
 secured directly to framing members or to
solid furing.
 most widely used in residential and light
commercial
 construction.
 two layers may be required for an
improved fire resistence to
 sound transmission.
 directly affected by deflection and/or
expansion/contraction in
 supporting framing.
Gypboard attached(direct to
framing)

Primary & secondary

supports
4. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
SUPPORTS:
primary suspension system may also include a
secondary system of furring channels used to
align
the primary system and/or to provide resilient
mounting
of the membrane.
it is a high cost assembly and not widely used.
resilient furring channels generally used with
wood
framing.
Concealed metal Concealed
framework wooden
framework
Basic grid for
gyp board false
ceiling made of
channel and
holdfast
 Fixture detail at step
(level difference at false
ceiling)
detail view

support used to lift

the wirings
 3d view of joinery details

Perimeter detail

Method of fixing sections

Typical cross section

Fixture
of
channel
s at
corner

fixing details
 PLASTER
WALL OFFALSE
TO WALL PARIS FALSE-
CEILING
CEILING

it is commonly used. this is a straight

forward ceiling with plane, curve, domed or
angular shaped forms connecting all the
walls.
MATERIALS mostly used in this
category are pop, gypsum board, thermocol,
extruded aluminium, ply wood. wooden
panneling and ceiling tiles.
CENTRE
ROSES
 These are pre-cast
elements that are
used in P.O.P ceiling.

carbels
corners and beadings
WALL PANELS

CAPITALS
MODULAR
CEILING –
it comes in fix sizes
of panels thus
accomodating the
lighting system with
the same, multiple
or fractions of the
modules.
acoustic tile is the
best example in this
category.
advantage is it
offers flexibility in
terms of change in
lighting system,
service ducts and
pipes that run below
the primary ceiling
GYPSUM BOARDS HAVING
DIFFERENT TEXTURES
LIGHTINGS
 PROCEDURE FOR LIGHT FIXING IN
FALSE CEILING

Firstly a cut out is made in the false

ceiling then the lighting fixture is
mounted and then capped with
reflector.

The mounting on the false ceiling

using set of specifically designed
spring steel clamps.
Industrial lighting having
geometric mirror optics
Gls lights and cfl lights
TYPE: Artistic pendentive lighting
MATERIAL: Metal and glass
TYPE: Track light
The new generation of track lighting brings
design-friendly beauty to what has always
been one of the most versatile lighting styles
available.
TYPE: Wall
hung

Indirect wall
hung
lighting
TYPE: Task lights

Task lights are

those which
are used for a
specific task.
Pendentiv
e lighting
 ZOOM
LIGHT

Zoom light in Zoom light in closed

open condition condition
TYPE:
Landscape
lighting

MATERIAL
S: Metal
and glass
Artistic
landscape
light
Usually these are
used in interiors
where only limited
plantations can be
done.
Various materials like
paper,glass,ceramic,concret
e,crystal,fibre,etc. can be
used for lighting fixtures.

Shown below is use of

CERAMIC as a lighting
fixture material
PAPER lighting
fixtures

GLASS lighting
fixtures
 Use of
COCOON
SHELLS as
FIBRE META lighting
lighting L fixture
fixtures
CONCRETE as a lighting fixture material
material
Use of
CRYSTAL
as a lighting
material

This is a beautiful and

effective downlight a
having timeless
elegance. Its unframed
edges allow the crystal
to mesh seamlessly
with ceilings – integral
architecture at its
finest. Downsquare is
perfect for use in
prestigious, high-
 DUCTS AND SHAFTS
 Ducts
 One of the most important systems in your home,
though it's hidden beneath your feet and over your
head, may be wasting a lot of your energy dollars. Your
home's duct system, a branching network of tubes in
the walls, floors, and ceilings, carries the air from your
home's furnace and central air conditioner to each
room. Ducts are made of sheet metal, fiberglass, or
other materials.
 Unfortunately, many duct systems are poorly insulated
or not insulated properly. Ducts that leak heated air
into unheated spaces can add hundreds of dollars a
year to your heating and cooling bills. Insulating ducts
that are in unconditioned spaces is usually very cost
effective. If you are buying a new duct system, consider
one that comes with insulation already installed.
 Sealing your ducts to prevent leaks is even
more important if the ducts are located in an
unconditioned area such as an attic or vented
crawl space. If the supply ducts are leaking,
heated or cooled air can be forced out of
unsealed joints and lost. In addition,
unconditioned air can be drawn into return
ducts through unsealed joints. In the summer,
hot attic air can be drawn in, increasing the
load on the air conditioner. In the winter, your
furnace will have to work longer to keep your
house comfortable. Either way, your energy
losses cost you money.
 Although minor duct repairs are easy to
make, ducts in unconditioned spaces should
be sealed and insulated by qualified
professionals using appropriate sealing
materials. Here are a few simple tips to help
with minor duct repairs.
 SERVICE DUCTS
 A common utility duct, sometimes
called a common utility conduit, is any
structure - above, on, or below ground -
that carries more than two types of
public utility lines.
 Ducts are also called as SHAFTS.

 It is commonly used for air

conditioning
 Also used for plumbing and fire fighting.
 Plumbing ducts are used for water
supply and drainage works by gravity.
By gravity we get water supply from the
over head or elevated tank.
 Commonly used systems for water
supply are

 Hydropnumatic system
 Water cannon system
 Fire fighting system
 For interiors Ducts are used for
electrical cable supply, data cable
supply.
 Floor ducts are used in software
companies for supply of electrical
cables.
 Ducts are also used for rain water down
take.
 100mm diameter for residential
houses.
 150mm diameter for industrial
shades.
 Floor duct:
 Advantages of common utility
ducts
 The advantages of such facilities are the reduction
of maintenance manholes, one-time relocation,
and less excavation and repair, compared to
separate cable ducts for each service. One of the
greatest advantages is public safety. Underground
power lines, be the ducts common or separate,
prevent downed utilities from blocking roads, thus
speeding emergency access after natural disasters
such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and tsunamis.
When they are well mapped they also allow rapid
access to all utilities without having to dig access
trenches or resort to confused and often
inaccurate utility maps.
 duct
 The locations of the ducts and thus of
the networks are much easier to
monitor. Utility networks occupy less
space.
 Access to networks is via access points
(like those already in use by British
Telecom). Where ducts are installed,
excavations are a thing of the past.
 Road surfaces and pavements are not
disturbed to get at utility networks.
 Huge reductions in the number of road
works where ducts are installed.
 Supply and Return Duct:
 Huge reductions in the cost of
maintaining networks and hence in
charges to consumers. The usage of
ducts would be covered by annual
rentals which would be far less than
today’s costs.
 All services could be supplied to rural
properties through single multi purpose
ducts.
 All networks are underground in multi-
purpose ducts. Above ground electricity
and telecoms poles are redundant and
dismantled.
 New and evolving networks can usually
be accommodated in existing ducts.
 The heat generated by underground
networks housed in ducts could often
be extracted and cycled into space
heating systems.
 Vertical Transportation
Shafts
 Lift Shafts:
#staircase going around the lift
shaft
should be avoided because of
the
fire.
 There are different types of vertical
service shafts.
•Lifts

•Staircases

•Pantry

•Kitchen
 There are two types of lifts shafts.
# Traction lift shafts
# Hydraulic lift shafts

 Traction lift shafts requires more space

below the cars. There are some buffers
for that you require pit usually of size
1.5 sqmt.

 Hydraulic lifts for residences requires

less space then traction lifts. These lifts
cannot be higher then 12mt.
SWIMMING
POOLS
INTRODUCTION
 A swimming pool is an artificially
enclosed body of water intended for
swimming or water-based recreation.
There are many standard sizes; the
largest and deepest is the Olympic
size. A pool can be built either
above or in the ground, and from
materials such as metal, plastic,
fiberglass or concrete.
 Pools that may be used by many
people or by the general public are
called public, while pools used
exclusively by a few people or in a
home are called private. Many
health clubs, fitness centers and
private clubs have public pools used
mostly for exercise. Many hotels and
massage parlors have public pools for
relaxation. Hot tubs and spas are
pools with hot water, used for
relaxation or therapy, and are
common in homes, hotels, clubs and
massage parlors. Swimming pools
are also used for diving, other sports,
and training of lifeguards and
astronauts.
OCEAN POOLS
 In the early 20th century, ocean
pools were built typically on
headlands by enclosing part of
the rock shelf, with water
circulated through the pools by
flooding from tidal tanks or by
regular flooding over the side of
the pools at high tide.
Segregated changing sheds and
showers were provided. These
were the fore-runners of modern
'Olympic' pools. A variation was
the later development of sea- or
harbor-side pools that circulated
sea water using pumps.
PRIVATE POOLS
 Private pools are usually smaller
than public pools, on average 16'
x 32' (4.8m x 9.6 m) to 20' x 40'
(6m x 12 m) whereas public pools
usually start at 80 0" (25.0m).
Home pools can be permanently
built-in, or be assembled above
ground and disassembled after
summer. Privately owned outdoor
pools in backyards or gardens
started to proliferate in the 1950s
in regions with warm summer
climates,. In some warm-weather
home pools are so common that it
is rare to find a new house being
built without a pool being
considered in the design
PUBLIC POOLS
 Public pools are often found as part of a larger
leisure centre or recreational complex. These
centers often have more than one pool, such
as an indoor heated pool, an outdoor
saltwater or unheated chlorinated pool, a
shallower children's pool, and a paddling pool
for toddlers and infants. There may also be a
sauna and one or more hot tubs or spa pools
("Jacuzzis").
 Public pools may belong to a hotel or holiday
resort, as an amenity for the recreation of
their guests. The building sometimes also has
facilities for related activities, such as a diving
tank. Outdoor pools are common in warmer
climates. Larger pools sometimes have a
diving board affixed at one edge above the
water. Diving pools should be deep enough
that divers are not injured.
 Many public swimming pools are rectangles
25 m or 50 m long, but may be any size and
shape desired.
COMPETITION POOLS
 Federation Internationals de la Notations
(International Swimming Federation) sets widely
recognized standards for competition pools:
25 m (~82 feet) or 50 m (~164 feet) long and at
least 1.35 m (~4.4 feet) deep. Competition pools
are generally indoors and heated to enable their
use all year round, and to more easily comply
with the regulations regarding temperature,
lighting, and Automatic Officiating Equipment
and equipment.
 An Olympic sized swimming pool. It must be 50 m
(~164 feet) in length by 25 m (~82 feet) wide,
divided into eight lanes of 2.5 m (~8.2 feet) each
plus two areas of 2.5 m (~8.2 feet) at each side
of the pool. The water must be kept at 25–28°C
(77-82.4°F) and the lighting level at greater than
1500 lux. Depth must be at least 2 m (~6.5 feet),
and there are also regulations for color of lane
rope, positioning of backstroke (5 meters from
each wall),
HOT SPAS AND TUBS
 Hot tubs, spa pools are
common heated pools
used for relaxation and
sometimes for therapy.
spa is also called a
"Jacuzzi" in USA since
the word became a
generic after plumbing
component
manufacturer Jacuzzi
introduced the "Spa
Whirlpool”
WAVE POOL
 A wave pool is a swimming pool in
which are artificially generated
reasonably large waves, similar to
the ocean's. Wave pools are often a
major feature of water parks. Several
locations claim to have developed
the first wave pool in the United
States, including Big Surf in Tempe,
Arizona, in 1969,and Point Mallard
Park's Aquatic Center, in the city of
Decatur, Alabama. But Palisades
Amusement Park, a famed center
atop the New Jersey Palisades across
the Hudson River from New York City,
had a salt-water wave pool during
the 1940s. This was a huge pool
whose waves were generated by a
waterfall at one end. The pool in
Point Mallard Park was developed in
the early 1970s after Mayor Gilmer
Blackburn saw enclosed "wave-
making" swimming pools in Japan
and thought one could be a tourist
attraction in the United States. J.
Austin Smith, an Ohio wave pool
manufacturer, worked with the city
of Decatur to design and install the
wave pool in 1
 EXERCISE POOLS

 In the last two decades, a new style of

pool has gained popularity. These
consist of a small vessel (usually about
2.5 m x 5 m) in which the swimmer
swims in place, either against the push
of an artificially generated water
current or against the pull of
restraining devices. These pools have
several names, such as swim spas,
swimming machines, or swim systems.
 INFINITY POOLS
 An infinity pool (also named negative
edge or vanishing edge pool) is a
swimming pool which produces a visual
effect of water extending to the
horizon, vanishing, or extending to
"infinity". Often, the water appears to
fall into an ocean, lake, bay, or other
similar body of water. The effect is best
captured in a pool where the liner is
painted to match the body of water it is
"falling" into.
 Sanitation
 Swimming pool water must contain low levels of bacteria
and viruses to prevent the spread of diseases and
pathogens between users. Bacteria, algae and insect
larvae can also enter the pool without help from
swimmers, and cause disease to swimmers and other
people in the area.
 Pumps and mechanical filters are often used to filter
such pathogens out of the water. Chemical disinfectants,
such as hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite
(household bleach), bromine, salt or mineral sanitizers,
are used to make the water inhospitable to pathogens.
These substances also turn the water into a faded
blue/green color.Chemical disinfection produces
disinfection byproducts called trihalomethanes.
 Chemical free, electronic oxidation water
sanitation offers an ECO friendly and healthy
alternative to chlorine, salt chlorination and
ozone. It produces no harmful disinfection
byproducts and water from back washing can
be used for irrigation.Oxygen pools are
produced via the electronic oxidation of the
water molecule itself to generate the natural
oxidisers hydroxyl (OH), atomic oxygen (O1),
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular
oxygen (O2). All of these have a higher
oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value than
chlorine. Electronic oxidation generate more
oxidisers in under 1 minute than salt, chlorine,
ozone or UV can generate in an hour.
Electronic oxidation combined with low levels
of copper ionization (0.5PPM) provides a very
effective pool sanitation that is 100% chlorine
free.
 Pools
(According to materials)

•Above-ground pools are the cheapest

construction option, as well as the easiest to
build. Most above-ground pools are made from
prefabricated kits, which even an amateur can
First, the installers level off the ground to form a
flat building surface. Then they assemble a
perimeter track, which supports the outer wall.
Next, they spread sand in the pool area and lay
the plumbing. Finally, they secure the vinyl liner
over the pool walls, fill the pool with water,
smooth the liner and fasten it into place. As soon
as they hook up the pump and filtering system,
the pool is ready to go.
 The main disadvantage of this sort of pool is that it's less
durable than other designs, and generally less attractive. It's
also less permanent, which can be a good thing -- it's
relatively easy to disassemble the pool and move it to a new
location.
• Fiberglass pools are made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic,
which has been molded into a basin shape. To install the
pool, a construction crew digs an appropriately sized hole,
lays the necessary plumbing, adds some sand filler and
lowers the preformed pool structure into the hole. Then they
level the pool, hook up all the plumbing and backfill in the
area around the pool. Usually, the pool is surrounded by a
concrete deck structure.

• Vinyl-lined in-ground pools are a lot like above-ground pools,

structurally, but they look more like conventional in-ground
designs. The construction crew digs a hole and assembles a
metal, plastic or wood frame wall around the hole's
perimeter. As in an above-ground pool, the crew lays sand
along the bottom of the hole and secures the vinyl lining to
the structural wall. These pools are a lot cheaper than other
in-ground designs, but not as durable. Typically, the liner
needs to be replaced every 10 years or so.
• Gunite pools. To build one of these pools, the
construction crew digs a hole, puts the plumbing in
place and assembles a framework grid with 3/8-inch
steel reinforcing rods. The rebar rods are spaced about
10 inches apart, and secured together with wire. When
the grid is in place, the crew sprays a heavy coating of
gunite, a mixture of cement and sand, around the rebar.
The sprayer unit combines dry gunite mix with water
just before spraying -- this produces the wet concrete
material. The crew trowels the gunite smooth and lets it
sit for a week or so before applying a smooth finish to
the rough surface. The most popular finish is called
plaster , but a lot of people finish their pools with
special concrete paint. Gunite pools can also have tile,
exposed aggregate or even fiberglass finishes. Gunite
pools are highly durable, and they can be built in any
shape or size.
• Poured-concrete pools are similar to gunite pools, but
they're a lot harder to build. Instead of spraying
concrete material around a rebar framework, concrete is
actually poured into conventional wooden forms. With
the rise of gunite methods, poured-concrete pool
construction has mostly fallen by the wayside. In
masonry block pools, the walls are constructed with
concrete blocks.
 sizes of swimming pool
•A purely recreational pool needs
a large shallow area and any
shape will do.

•A pool built for swimming laps

•On the other hand, athletic lap
should have a long, straight
swimmers need a long and narrow
section
space withwith parallel
at least ends.
4-5 feet depth
throughout, to avoid touching the
bottom while swimming, and to
ensure that turns at the pool’s ends
 On the other hand, athletic lap
swimmers need a long and narrow
space with at least 4-5 feet depth
throughout, to avoid touching the
bottom while swimming, and to
ensure that turns at the pool’s ends
can be executed safely.

 Recreational swimming pool users,

particularly children, don’t require
great depth and it is adequate to
provide a sloped floor which goes
from a minimum depth of 36 inches to
a maximum of 4 or 5 feet. A purely
recreational pool also does not need
to be any particular shape, so you can
pick a shape to complement
 Dimensions

Length
 In the US pools tend to either be 25 yards (SCY-short
course yards), 25 metres (SCM-short course metres) or
50 metres (long course). US high schools and the NCAA
conduct short course (25 yards) competition. There also
exist many pools 33⅓ m long, so that 3 lengths = 100 m.
This is sometimes jokingly referred to as "inter-course".
 USA Swimming (USA-S) swims in both metric and non-
metric pools. However, the international standard is
metres, and world records are only recognized when
swum in 50 m pools (or 25 m for short course).
 In general, the shorter the pool, the faster the time for
the same distance, since the swimmer gains speed from
pushing off the wall after each turn at the end of the
pool.
 Depth

 The depth of a swimming pool depends on

the purpose of the pool, and whether it is
open to the public or strictly for private use.
If it is a private casual, relaxing pool, it may
go from 1.0 m to 1.8 mt deep. If it is a public
pool designed for diving, it may slope from 3
to 4.8 m in the deep end. A children's play
pool may be from 30 cm to 1.2 mt deep. Most
public pools have differing depths to
accommodate different swimmer
requirements. In many jurisdictions, it is a
requirement to show the water depth with
clearly marked depths affixed to the pool
walls.
 EQUIPMENTS /
MECHANISED SERVICES
 Swimming Equipments
come into various
categories, the important
Sand Media ones being, "Competitive
Filters Swimming and
Recreational Swimming
Equipments". These are
highly durable and conform
Dozing Equipments to quality and excellence.
provide competitive
swimming pool equipments
like floating anti-wave lane
dividers, starting blocks of
Olympics standards.
na Bath and Steam Bath
 EQUIPMENTS /
MECHANISED SERVICES