DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY

THOUGHT
Mechanisms of Evolution:
1. What is the role of genetic
variation in natural selection?
2. How can natural selection favor
different phenotype at different
times?
3. What happens to a population if
conditions change and no
individuals have the allele
combinations required to survive
and produce offspring?
4. What is “fitness” in the context
of evolution?
2
Mechanisms of Evolution:
1. What is the role of genetic
variation in natural selection?

• Provides the raw

material for evolution.
• It allows different
traits within a
population.
3
Mechanisms of Evolution:
1. What is the role of genetic
variation in natural selection?

• The environment can then

“select” for enabling
organisms with
advantageous traits to
survive and reproduce,
passing those traits on to
future generations.
4
Mechanisms of Evolution:
2. How can natural selection favor
different phenotype at different
times?
• Environment conditions can
change over time.
• Traits which were once
advantageous may become
detrimental and vice versa,
leading to different phenotypes
being selected.

5
Mechanisms of Evolution:
3. What happens to a population if
conditions change and no
individuals have the allele
combinations required to survive
and produce offspring?

• The population will likely

decline and eventually face
extinction, as they cannot
reproduce successfully
under the new
circumstances. 6
Mechanisms of Evolution:
3. What happens to a population if
conditions change and no
individuals have the allele
combinations required to survive
and produce offspring?

• Individuals cannot adapt

and will be unable to survive
and reproduce. ( Bottleneck
effect)

7
Mechanisms of Evolution:
4. What is “fitness” in the context
of evolution?

• Fitness is a measure of how

well an organism survives
and reproduces in its
environment.

8
Mechanisms of Evolution:
4. What is “fitness” in the context
of evolution?

• Fitness measures:
1. Survival
2. Reproduction
3. Mate finding
4. Passing on genes
9
1. ENUMERATE THE SCIENTISTS AND CITE
THEIR RESPECTIVE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY
THOUGHT;

2. DISCUSS CHARLES DARWIN’S THEORY OF

EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION; AND
 Evolution
Nature's revolution
Evolution
For survival, the ultimate solution
Natural selection, survival of the fittest
All of world's species put to the big test
Adaptation, change is the only way
Evolution doesn't happen in one day
Who will become extinct? who will pass on their genes?
The world's brightest minds still researching what this all means
Evolution, slow and sure
For the earth's challenges, it is the cure
Evolution, theory of Darwin
The story of how nature prepared us to win
Intelligent creation or evolution?
The debate continues
Which is the better solution?
Everyone has different views
God on one side, evolution on another
Let us seek the truth instead of fighting each other
Evolution, man from monkeys
To life's mysteries, it holds the keys
Evolution - The link between the plants, the birds and the bees
The storm unleashed by "On the origin of species"
Evolution
Nature's revolution
Evolution 11
For survival, the ultimate solution.
Guide questions:
1. According to the poem, what is the ultimate solution for survival?
2. What is defined as the survival of the fittest?
3. Who is the scientist mentioned in the poem?
4. Instead of fighting with each other, what does the author suggest?
5. What is the link between the plants, the birds, and the bees and
holds the keys to life’s mysteries?
12
Guide questions:

1. “ Adaptation”- species that can adapt to changing

environment and challenges and opportunities are the
one’s most likely to thrive and endure.
13
Guide questions:
2. “Survival of the Fittest”- an organisms ability to adjust and
succeed in it’s specific environment.

14
Guide questions:
2. “Survival of the Fittest”- organisms that best suited to their
environment/they are likely to survive, reproduce and pass
their genes to the next generation.
15
Guide questions:
3. Charles Darwin- proposed, written and
published his book “On the Origin of Species” in
1859.
16
Guide questions:
3. Charles Darwin- introduced theory of evolution
by natural selection, explaining how species
evolve overtime through the survival and
reproduction of individuals with advantageous 17
Guide questions:
4. “Seeking the truth”.

18
Guide questions:
5. “Evolution”- is the process by which
populations of living organisms change over
generations through variations in their genetic
traits. 19
HEADING 01

20
1. Who is Charles Darwin?

2. How important was his

voyage and his observations?

3. What influenced Charles

Darwin in coming up with his
theory of Evolution and
Natural Selection?
21
CHARLES DARWIN AND HIS THEORY OF EVOLUTION
“On the Origin of Species by
Means of Natural Selection”
(1859) with two main
conclusions:
1. Species were not created in
their present form, but
evolved from ancestral
species.
2. Proposed a mechanism for
evolution NATURAL
SELECTION
22
CHARLES DARWIN AND HIS THEORY OF EVOLUTION
2. How important was his
voyage and his observations?

• Charles Darwin
investigation and Voyage:
• During voyage, he gathered
evidences, and explained
how organism adapt and
evolve in response to
environmental pressures.
23
 PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR
LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Aristotle (Greek, 350BC)

George Louis Buffon (French,1749)
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (French,1809)
Charles Lyell (1830)
Charles Darwin (1831-1836)
Alfred Russel Wallace (1841-1852,
1854-1862) 24
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Aristotle (Greek, 350BC)

believed that individuals in a

species are basically identical
and are unchanging. This
was believed for 2000 years.

25
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Georges Louis
Buffon-

species change as they spread

from their original location

26
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Jean Baptiste de
Lamarck
(French,1809)

hypothesized that acquired traits

were passed onto offspring and
the Principle of Use and Disuse.
27
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Jean Baptiste de
Lamarck
(French,1809)
Examples: the giraffes that have
developed long necks as they need to
feed on fruits from tall trees, while
snakes, on the other hand, have lost
their legs as they continue to disuse or 28
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Jean Baptiste de
Lamarck
(French,1809)
showed that acquired characteristics
may not be simply inherited or passed
on to offspring, an analogy for this is
how people who body-built may not
pass the trait of the muscled body to 29
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY
Charles Lyell
(geologist) suggested
that the Earth was
much older than 6000
yrs; whose books
“Principle of Geology”
published in 1830 were
read by Darwin;
believed that the 30
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Thomas Malthus

wrote that human

populations grow
much faster than
their food supply

31
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Alfred Russel
Wallace
-suggested natural selection
after studying wildlife in the
Malay Archipelago
-studied Birdwing Butterflies
-friend of Darwin who also
published a journal “On the
Tendency of Varieties to depart
indefinitely from the Original 32
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Alfred Russel
Wallace
- As he had observed how these
butterflies differ from one place to
another, he also arrived at the same
conclusion with Darwin even though
Wallace didn’t have an idea that
Darwin has the same theory because
Darwin chose to keep it secret at 33
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Alfred Russel
Wallace
- Wallace also thought that species that look
almost the same differ in key characteristics
because they have been
modified through their struggle to survive.
Through a letter, he sent this thought to his
friend Darwin, which made Darwin also
work on his theory further and publish the
work together with Wallace’s work.
34
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Alfred Russel
Wallace
- Wallace wrote a journal titled “On
the Tendency of Varieties to
Depart Indefinitely from the
Original Type” where he reasoned
about how the animals in the wild
struggle for existence. He said that
naturally, there are a greater 35
PROPOSED EXPLANATIONS FOR LIFE’S DIVERSITY

Alfred Russel
Wallace
- that offspring were born with different
characteristics such as size and color.
Environment dictated which among these
offspring will survive, and these survivors
will have a higher ability to reproduce and
pass on their traits to another generation.
This process will continue until varieties of
traits of organisms became dominant in
one place to another. 36
State your knowledge and understanding by completing the sentences:

I know that I know something about ___________.

First, __________.
In addition, _________________.
Finally, ______________.
Now you know something that I know about ____________________.
As you have learned how patterns of descent with modification showed that one species
evolved from a common ancestor and from an earlier species through continuous alteration
of traits to suit their need for survival; it is now a big question of how humans will change in
the future.
What kind of new human species will there be? Given the conditions that we are living in
nowadays, there are theories that humans will end up incorporating their traits with
In 1 whole sheet of paper.
In your point of view as a senior high school STEM
student, what will be the future human species?
Support your claim with patterns or similarities with
the modern-day human species.
THANK YOU!!!!